{"id":57545,"date":"2019-09-21T16:02:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-21T16:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-27T15:23:17","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T15:23:17","slug":"istoria-si-geopolitica-ucrainei-plop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/21\/istoria-si-geopolitica-ucrainei-plop\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria \u015fi geopolitica Ucrainei – Plop Andrei"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/span><\/b>Wednesday, May 07, 2014<\/span>  – Plop Andrei <\/span><\/b>

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\u00cenceputurile Ucrainei se confund\u0103 cu istoria existen\u0163ei Rusiei Kievene, primul stat al slavicilor estici. \u00cen secolele X-XI, Rusia Kievean\u0103  devenit unul din cele mai puternice state din Europa, transform\u00e2nd Kievul \u00een cel mai important ora\u015f al Rusiei. Forma\u0163iunea statal\u0103 \u00een formare a cunoscut o perioad\u0103 de apogeu cultural \u015fi militar \u00een timpul domniilor Vladimir cel Mare (980 \u2013 1015), propagatorul ortodoxismului, \u015fi Iaraslov cel \u00cen\u0163elept ( 1019 \u2013 1054). Confruntat\u0103 cu expansiunea t\u0103tarilor \u00een secolul XIII, aflat\u0103 din a doua jum\u0103tate a sec. XIV, sub domina\u0163ia Polono-Lituanian\u0103 ( \u00eencorporat\u0103 Marelui Ducat al Lituaniei). – \u00een 1654 Imperiul Rus anexeaz\u0103 Ucraina R\u0103s\u0103ritean\u0103(Malorosia) un teritoriu situat la est de r\u00e2ul Nipru; – \u00een 1783 a fost anexat Hanatul T\u0103tarilor din Crimeea ( peninsula \u015fi stepele dintre Nipru \u015fi Bugul de Sud) – \u00een 1792 a fost anexat Transnistria – \u00eentre 1793 \u015fi 1795 au fost anexate Podolia, Vol\u00eeni \u015fi Polesia Etapele form\u0103rii statului ucrainean \u00een grani\u0163ele sale actuale corespunde consecutivit\u0103\u0163ii anex\u0103rii diferitor teritorii componente ale acestuia de c\u0103tre continuatorul de mai t\u00e2rziu ale acestuia – Uniunea Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste(URSS): – Ucraina (format\u0103 din partea central\u0103 \u015fi estic\u0103), dup\u0103 revolu\u0163ia bol\u015fevic\u0103, devine \u00een martie 1919 RSS Ucrainean\u0103. – \u00centre 1939 \u015fi 1940, dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea pactului Ribbentrop-Molotov, au fost anexate Gali\u0163ia Oriental\u0103, Basarabia, Bucuvina \u015fi \u0162inutul Her\u0163a. \u00cen anul 1954 cu prilejul a anivers\u0103rii a 300 de ani de la tratatul de la Pereiaslav din 1654 care marca trecerea unei bune p\u0103r\u0163i din Ucraina sub domina\u0163ia Imperiului \u0162arist, N.<\/p>\n
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Hru\u015fciov a luat decizia s\u0103 transfere Crimeea la RSS Ucrainean\u0103. RSSU a contribuit substan\u0163ial la dezvoltarea economiei fostei URSS cu circa 40 % la produc\u0163ia de o\u0163el, 35 % produc\u0163ia de c\u0103rbune. \u00cen prezent importante resurse naturale se g\u0103sesc \u00een regiunele Donetk \u015fi Donbas; c\u0103rbune (109 mld. Tone), rezerve de petrol ( 0,395 milioane barili) \u015fi gaze naturale ( 39, 600 trilioane m), granit, grafit \u015fi s\u0103ruri, baza dezvolt\u0103ri produc\u0163iei de ceramic\u0103, por\u0163elanuri, metalurgiei, industriei chimice \u015fi materialelor de construc\u0163ii, industriei de armament. Centrul politic al statului (autorit\u0103\u0163ile supreme) sunt concentrate \u00een Kiev, centrele economice sunt reprezentate de Dnepropetrovsk, Harkov, Nicolaev \u015fi Donbas iar centrul intelectual \u015fi al afacerilor este Odesa. Dup\u0103 adoptatrea declara\u0163iei suveranit\u0103\u0163ii de Stat ( 16 iunie 1990), la \u00eenceputul anului 1991, armata ucrainean\u0103 avea un personal de 780 000 dispunea 6500 tancuri, 7000 de vehicule blindate, 1500 de lupt\u0103 , 350 de nave, 1272 focoase nucleare strategice \u015fi balistice interconintale \u015fi 2500 rachete nucleare tactice. Adoptarea de c\u0103tre Parlamentul Ucrainean a declara\u0163iei de Independen\u0163\u0103 la 24.08.1991 a fost privit\u0103 ca un act de secesiune, ca un afront adus fostului lider, ca o op\u0163iune pentru dezvoltare democratic\u0103, \u00een raport cu Rusia este privit\u0103 ca un exportator de autoritarism. \u00cen 1996 \u00een schimbul garan\u0163ilor de securitate oferite de celelalte state nucleare \u015fi comunitatea interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi semnarea succesiv\u0103 a Tratatului pentru Reducerea Armelor Strategice ( 1992), prin care se obliga s\u0103 cedeze Rusiei toate armele nucleare pentru a fi distruse conform Tratatului de Neproliferare a Armelor Nucleare ( 1994), Ucraina devenind o \u0163ar\u0103 denuclearizat\u0103. Ministrul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Iuri Ehanurov declara \u00een 2003 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 decizie de a renun\u0163a la armele nucleare drept o nechibzuin\u0163\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 este nevoie avertiza demnitarul, Ucraina ar putea relua cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103 producerea armelor nucleare. Ucraina a fost prima \u0163ar\u0103 care a semnat programul PfP, iar \u00een 1997 a fost \u00eenfiin\u0163at\u0103 Comisia Ucraina-NATO. Ucraina a adoptat un Plan de Ac\u0163iune, care s-a dorit a fi un r\u0103spuns la reformularea strategiei de securitatea a Ucrainei.. Acestea prevedea obiectivele Ucrainei \u00een chestiunile de politic\u0103 \u015fi securitate, sectorul de ap\u0103rare, incluz\u00e2nd obiective speciale \u00een sfera cooper\u0103ri cu NATO. Rezultatul acestui Plan de Ac\u0163iuni a fost acela c\u0103 \u00een Ucraina, reformele \u00een domeniul ap\u0103r\u0103rii au fost accelerate. \u00cen anul 2000 \u00een urma procesului de reform\u0103 \u015fi modernizare, personalul a ajuns la de 310 000 de militari \u015fi 90 000 civili iar la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 2010 a ajuns la 200 000 dintre care 41 000 civili. Din punct de vedere militar Ucraina poate asigura un spa\u0163iu de manevr\u0103 pentru for\u0163ele militare ale Rusiei<\/a>, din punct de vedere geopolitic ea prezint\u0103 poarta de ie\u015fire a Rusiei spre Europa. Programul Parteneriatului pentru Pace din cadrul NATO (PfP) a dob\u00e2ndit o nou\u0103 dinamic\u0103 dup\u0103 ultima extindere, din 2004, \u015fi s-a focalizat asupra spa\u0163iului post sovietic, \u00een<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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Ucraina, Georgia – NATO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

special Ucraina \u015fi Georgia iar Aderarea la NATO a prezentat pentru echipa lui Viktor Iu\u015fcenko<\/a>, un obiectiv prioritar pentru politica extern\u0103 ucrainean\u0103, pentru acest lider politic propulsat la putere de c\u0103tre statele occidentale, aderarea fiind o problem\u0103 de securitate na\u0163ional\u0103. Aderarea Ucrainei la NATO a st\u00e2rnit dispute \u00eentre membrii organiza\u0163iei. Blocul franco-german nu era de acord cu aderarea Ucrainei, consider\u00e2nd-o posibilul calul troian al americanilor, un obstacol \u00een calea colabor\u0103rii lor economice \u015fi politice cu Rusia. SUA \u015fi Marea Britanie vedeau acest demers un instrument de presiune asupra Rusiei, un mijloc de solu\u0163ionarea favorabil\u0103 a intereselor lor, a problemelor lor geopolitice \u015fi geostrategice din regiunea Europei \u015fi Eurasiei, de sporire a prezen\u0163ei lor politco-militare la Marea Neagr\u0103. Reac\u0163ia ini\u0163ial\u0103 a Moscovei la posibilitatea intrare a Ucrainei \u00een Alian\u0163a Nord Atlantic\u0103 a fost una prudent\u0103. Mai ales c\u0103 Rusia a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at, \u00een timpul valurilor de extindere anterioare a Alian\u0163ei, c\u0103 orice \u00eencercare a sa de a se opune poate fi  ignorat\u0103. Iar \u00een consecin\u0163\u0103 vizibil\u0103 a fost cea<\/p>\n

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a unei diminu\u0103ri a influen\u0163ei Rusiei Fran\u0163a \u015fi Germania au pledat pentru neutralitatea Ucrainei, pentru transformarea sa \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de conflicte, \u00eentr-un stat tampon. Extinderea NATO \u00een regiune a crescut sub forma unor exerci\u0163ii comune, fapt care a f\u0103cut cu Rusia s\u0103 perceap\u0103 aceste activit\u0103\u0163i drept ni\u015fte preg\u0103tiri pentru extinderea Alian\u0163ei de Nord. Ucraina \u015fi Rusia \u00eempart un destin comun derulat pe parcursul ultimilor 350 de ani. Astfel, trecutul comun nu poate fi \u015fters \u00een c\u00e2\u0163iva ani, chiar \u00een condi\u0163iile existen\u0163ei unui puternic sentiment antirus \u00een anumite zone ale Ucrainei.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Wednesday, May 07, 2014  – Plop Andrei  \u00cenceputurile Ucrainei se confund\u0103 cu istoria existen\u0163ei Rusiei Kievene, primul stat al slavicilor estici. \u00cen secolele X-XI, Rusia Kievean\u0103  devenit unul din cele mai puternice state din Europa, transform\u00e2nd Kievul \u00een cel mai important ora\u015f al Rusiei. Forma\u0163iunea statal\u0103 \u00een formare a cunoscut o perioad\u0103 de apogeu cultural \u015fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nIstoria \u015fi geopolitica Ucrainei - Plop Andrei - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/21\/istoria-si-geopolitica-ucrainei-plop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Istoria \u015fi geopolitica Ucrainei - Plop Andrei - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wednesday, May 07, 2014  – Plop Andrei  \u00cenceputurile Ucrainei se confund\u0103 cu istoria existen\u0163ei Rusiei Kievene, primul stat al slavicilor estici. \u00cen secolele X-XI, Rusia Kievean\u0103  devenit unul din cele mai puternice state din Europa, transform\u00e2nd Kievul \u00een cel mai important ora\u015f al Rusiei. 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