{"id":57523,"date":"2019-09-24T23:22:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T23:22:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-27T15:23:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T15:23:01","slug":"i2-provocari-si-mize-in-vecinatatea-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/24\/i2-provocari-si-mize-in-vecinatatea-2\/","title":{"rendered":"I.2. Provoc\u0103ri \u015fi mize \u00een vecin\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103. ( Rolul mass-media \u00een reflectarea conflictelor geopolitice – Plop Andrei)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/span>Lucrarea respesctiva a fost finalizata in 2015<\/span>
<\/span><\/span>\u00cen decembrie 1991, <\/span>Republicile Sovietice Socialiste<\/span> a fost declarat\u0103 dizolvat\u0103 de c\u0103tre <\/span>\u0219<\/span>efii republicilor rus\u0103, bielorus\u0103, ucrainean\u0103, fiind \u00eenlocuit\u0103 <\/span>prin<\/span> Comunitatea Statelor Independente ( CSI), alcatuit\u0103 din  fostele Republici Sovietice, cu excep<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia  celor baltice. Destr\u0103marea URSS a \u00eensemnat sc\u0103derea influen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ei pe arena interna<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ional\u0103, iar apari<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia  noilor state, Rusia le consider\u0103 ca o problem\u0103 intern\u0103 <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i nu ca pe o problem\u0103 extern\u0103.    <\/span>Fostul ministru de Externe roman, istoricul Adrian Cioroianu aprecia c\u0103 <\/span>,, \u00cen noiembrie 1991, Mihai Gorbaciov a crezut p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima clip\u0103 c\u0103 Ucraina nu va p\u0103r\u0103si Uniunea sovietic\u0103. \u201c<\/span> Ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ii au suportat un <\/span>\u0219<\/span>oc incredibil <\/span>prin<\/span> colapsul Uniunii Sovietice, <\/span>trezindu-se <\/span>peste noapte \u00een cadrul altor state, ai c\u0103ror lideri care au fost educa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>i \u00een Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 au devenit peste noapte na<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ionali<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ti, care doreau s\u0103-<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i apere propriile identit\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>i dup\u0103 decenii \u00een care au fost nevoi<\/span>\u021b<\/span>i s\u0103 accepte rusificarea impus\u0103 de Moscova.  Astfel a ap\u0103rut un nou concept, plecat de la configurarea noilor realita<\/span>\u021b<\/span>i militare precum  ,, Str\u0103inatatea apropiat\u0103 care este o formulare ce se refer\u0103 la sus<\/span>\u021b<\/span>inerea  unei politici care s\u0103 pun\u0103 accentul pe construirea unui cadru viabil, \u00een spa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iul ocupat p\u00e2n\u0103 nu demult de URSS <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i care s\u0103 aib\u0103 ca centru decizional Moscova. \u201c<\/span>  <\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Elita politic\u0103 rus\u0103 au cerut <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103rilor din Occident recunoa<\/span>\u0219<\/span>terea sferelor  lor de influen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 av\u00e2nd un interes special \u00een spa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iul ex-sovietic. <\/span>Unii autori apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 <\/span>,, Inspiratorul acestei doctrine a fost El<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u00een, iar artizanul ei principal a fost <\/span>Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev<\/span>, \u00een acel moment Ministru al Ap\u0103r\u0103rii. Argumentul  esen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ial  al noului  set doctrinar era acela c\u0103  armata de sub comanda lui <\/span>Pavel Grachev <\/span> <\/span>este datoare s\u0103-i apere <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i pe cei 25 de milioane de ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i care se aflau dup\u0103 1991 \u00een afara grani<\/span>\u021b<\/span>elor Federa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iei Ruse, precum <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i s\u0103 garanteze securitatea frontierelor acesteia. \u201c  <\/span> Fran\u0163a \u015fi Germania reprezint\u0103 interesele europene \u00een relatiile cu Rusia, iar Germania dore<\/span>\u0219<\/span>te s\u0103 aib\u0103 rela<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ii speciale cu Rusia.  Ru\u015fii cosider\u0103 c\u0103 cele mai mari amenin\u0163\u0103ri externe ,, <\/span>provin din disputele teritoriale, poten\u0163ialul de conflict existent la grani\u0163ele fostei URSS, apari\u0163ia unor puteri militare ,, \u00een vecin\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103\u201d , tendin\u0163a de extindere spre  est a NATO  prin evenutala includere a Ucrainei, \u015fi Georgiei \u00een aceast\u0103 alian\u0163\u0103, respectiv, dificultatea de a contrabalansa influen\u0163a american\u0103 \u00een Europa.<\/span> <\/span>\u00cen fostele Republici Sovietice  Rusia refuz\u0103 s\u0103 conduc\u0103 inteligent \u00eempreun\u0103 cu UE  pretinz\u00e2nd  un monopol pe problemele de securitate \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103. Rusia prive<\/span>\u0219<\/span>te Politica European\u0103 de Vecin\u0103tate ca un concurent pentru propriile politici din str\u0103in\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103 <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i este de remarcat  faptul  ,, contradic<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia terminologic\u0103 privind vecin\u0103tatea comun\u0103 ( termen propus de UE) <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i str\u0103in\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103 a Rusiei <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i ajungerea la compromisul : dialog <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i cooperare  regiunile adiacente la  grani<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ele UE <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i Rusiei.\u201d <\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Politica European\u0103 de Vecin\u0103tate  dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een cadrul UE a c\u0103utat s\u0103 dea substan<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103  strategiei de securitate, cu scopul de construi un climat de securitate  <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i de a anihila amenin<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103rile legate de crima organizat\u0103 , conflictele regionale  ,, documentul de referin<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 elaborat de Comisia European\u0103 \u00een domeniul polticii de vecin\u0103tate este cel adoptat la Bruxelles \u00een data  de 12 mai 2004, <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i intitulat : ,, Politica European\u0103 de Vecin\u0103tate  – document strategic.\u201d<\/span> <\/span>\u021a<\/span>\u0103rile care formeaz\u0103 componenta estic\u0103 sunt fostele Republici Sovietice:  Moldova, Ucraina, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i Azerbaidjan.  Pre<\/span>\u0219<\/span>edintele Comisiei pentru Afaceri Externe a Dumei I.  Ambatumov afirma \u00een 1993   c\u0103 : ,, spa\u0163iul sovietic r\u0103m\u00e2ne sub sfera de influen\u021b\u0103 geopolitic\u0103 exclusiv rus\u0103. \u00cen ianuarie 1994, afirma\u021bia sa a fost  reluat\u0103 de ministrul de externe, Andrei Kozirev, care a declarat c\u0103: Rusia  trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i pa\u0103treze prezen\u021ba militar\u0103 \u00een regiunile care timp  de secole au fost \u00een sfera sa de  interes \u201c. <\/span>   Rusia are obiective geopolitice  cu cel de-al doilea membru important fostei URSS <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i anume Ucraina, piederea acestui teritoriu a fost o pierdere de pivot geopolitic, limit\u00e2nd astfel op<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iunile geostrategice  ruse<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ti, e cunoscut faptul c\u0103  ,,  f\u0103r\u0103 Ucraina, Rusia \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie un imperiu, dar \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Ucraina,  mai \u00eent\u00e2i am\u0103git\u0103 <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i, apoi subordonat\u0103, Rusia devine automat un  imperiu. \u201c <\/span> Cea mai bun\u0103 caracterizare a <\/span>geopoliticii \u00een sens clasic<\/span>  este f\u0103cut\u0103 de c\u0103tre Klaus Haushofer: ,, constiinta geografica a statului\u201c, care fixeaz\u0103 adev\u0103rul fundamental c\u0103 politica trebuie sa fie patruns\u0103 de condi<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia geografic\u0103 \u00een care aceasta se desf\u0103<\/span>\u0219<\/span>oar\u0103.  Arareori aceast\u0103 condi<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ie geografic\u0103 a statului apare at\u00e2t de pregnant\u0103, de dominatoare ca \u00een cazul Rusiei. \u201c <\/span> Pentru ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i le este greu s\u0103 considere Ucraina un stat idependent,  sensul istoric ,, krajna \u201c este exprimat \u00een denumirea ei, care  \u00een traducere ar fi ,, margine\u201c <\/span>Odat\u0103 cu declara\u021bia de independen\u021b\u0103,<\/span> Ucraina a f\u0103cut progrese considerabile , afirm\u00e2nd angajamentul guvernului  fa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 de normele internat<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ionale, fa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 de respectarea drepturilor omului ,, a semnat Acordul de parteneriat <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i Cooperare cu UE, \u00een 1994, intrat \u00een vigoare patru ani mai t\u00e2rziu. \u201c <\/span> Marea Neagr\u0103 este o zon\u0103 cu interes strategic cu capacitatea de a influen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a \u00een Balcani <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i \u00een Caucaz, mai sunt <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i motive istorice,  spirituale, Rusia consider\u00e2ndu-se un ap\u0103r\u0103tor al cre<\/span>\u0219<\/span>tin\u0103t\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ii ortodoxe.  <\/span>Un analist \u00een strategia SUA aprecia<\/span>: ,, Administratia Clinton a declarat c\u0103, \u00een epoca de dup\u0103  R\u0103zboiul Rece, preocuparile strategice ale Americii <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i ale NATO se \u00eentindeau p\u00e2n\u0103 la periferiile Europei, inclusiv statele baltice, Ucraina, Caucazul <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i Asia Central\u0103, Africa de Nord si Balcanii. \u201c <\/span> Kremlinul a protestat c\u00e2nd Occidentul a integrat fostele <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103ri care a apar<\/span>\u021b<\/span>inut fostului bloc sovietic,  f\u0103r\u0103 a <\/span>\u021b<\/span>ine cont de faptul c\u0103 acest lucru este contrar intereselor Rusiei <\/span>iar <\/span>din punct de vedere militar extinderea NATO a fost v\u0103zut\u0103 de <\/span>Moscova<\/span> ca o \u00eencercare de <\/span>\u0219<\/span>antaj. Rusia a ar\u0103tat \u00een mod clar c\u0103 al doilea val de extindere \u00eei pune \u00een pericol securitatea.   <\/span>Ca demers  comunitar pentru spa\u021biul fost sovietic <\/span>,, \u00een 1999, Uniunea European\u0103 a adoptat o strategie comun\u0103 pentru Ucraina, \u00een dorin<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a trasmiterii unui mesaj de \u00eencurajare a reformelor interne \u00een aceast\u0103 <\/span>\u021b<\/span>ar\u0103, a consolid\u0103rii rela<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iilor parteneriale ini<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iate \u00een 1994. \u201c <\/span> \u00cen momentul \u00een care revolu<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iile  democratice  au ajuns la frontiera Rusiei cum ar fi cea portocalie \u00een Ucraina,  a trandafirilor \u00een Georgia, a lalelelor \u00een K\u00e2rg\u00e2stan, conducerea de la Kremlin <\/span>s-a sim\u021bit amenin\u021bat\u0103.  <\/span>Ucraina este v\u0103zut\u0103 de Kremlin  ca o zon\u0103 tampon, fie ca o parte a Marii Rusii. C\u00e2nd reprezentan<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ii <\/span>reformatori<\/span>  ai Ucrainei \u00een frunte cu Viktor Iu<\/span>\u0219<\/span>cenko  au \u00eenceput s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 deschis de  adera la NATO, a fost  perceput de Rusia ca o declara<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ie de r\u0103zboi. Dac\u0103 noua conducere de la Kiev \u00een frunte cu Petro  Poroshenko vor stabili  o democra<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ie dup\u0103 modelul occidental va prezinta un pericol  pentru conduc\u0103torii ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i.   O contaminare de libertate pentru \u00eentreaga Eurasie iar e<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ecul ucrainenilor le va asigura  stabilitatea pe termen lung pentru conducerea de la Kremlin <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i  nu vor ezita sa foloseasc\u0103 de toate mijloacele pentru a-<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i atinge obiectivele lor.  <\/span>Cert este cunoscut c\u0103 pe teritoriul de ast\u0103zi al Ucrainei<\/span>, <\/span>locuiesc o important\u0103 minoritate  rus\u0103, iar<\/span> <\/span> ,<\/span>, problema confruntarilor etnice poate fi analizate pe baza a trei aspecte, <\/span>iar aspectul ar fi<\/span>  acela al manevr\u0103rii minorit\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ilor pentru a impiedica dob\u00e2ndirea sau consolidarea indepen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ei unor republici ce au apar<\/span>\u021b<\/span>inut statelor multina<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ionale. \u201c <\/span> <\/span><\/span>Terminarea  Razboiului Rece nu a dus la eliminarea  conflictelor iar ca urmare a  <\/span>destr\u0103marea<\/span> URSS <\/span>a condus<\/span> la apari<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia unor noi conflicte, Rusia  plas\u00e2ndu-se  \u00eentr-o pozi\u0163ie de judec\u0103tor al conflictelor na<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ionaliste <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i frontaliere  <\/span>din<\/span> Transnistria, Abhazia, Osetia de Sud, Karabahul de Munte.<\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/span>Un cercet\u0103tor ie\u0219ean considera c\u0103<\/span> ,, \u00een Armenia,  Georgia, \u015fi Moldova prezen\u0163a trupelor ruse este motivat\u0103 de necisitatea men\u0163inerii p\u0103cii \u00een regiunile separatiste din aceste \u0163\u0103ri, unde s-au permanentizat conflictele ,,\u00eenghe\u0163ate\u201d  \u015fi care \u00een mod paradoxal, alc\u0103tuiesc o veritabil\u0103 ,, centur\u0103 de protec\u0163ie\u201d exterioar\u0103 pentru Federa\u0163ia Rus\u0103. \u201d<\/span>  Consiliul de Securitate al ONU, OSCE, <\/span>\u0219i-au<\/span> pierdut rolul ca <\/span>instrumente <\/span>de diploma<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ie \u00een rezolvarea a conflictelor prin ,, decizia unor state de a recunoa<\/span>\u0219<\/span>te independen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a unilateral declarat\u0103 de guvernul <\/span>Kosovar<\/span> a permis declararea  de c\u0103tre Rusia a conflictelor din Osetia de Sud ca fiind conflict de natur\u0103 etnic\u0103 <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i prin folosirea precedentului Kosovo, atacarea Georgiei <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i declararea unilateral\u0103  de guvernul <\/span>osetin<\/span> a <\/span>independen\u0163ei<\/span> Osetiei de Sud. \u201c <\/span> Pentru politicienii din Rusia nu a fost niciodat\u0103 mai important dec\u00e2t  atunci  cand dup\u0103 secole de expansiune continu\u0103, <\/span>acesta<\/span> este <\/span>obligat\u0103<\/span> s\u0103 abandoneze st\u0103p\u00e2nirea la teritorii cu valoare strategic\u0103, r\u0103m\u0103n\u00e2nd printre altele un stat cu cea mai mare suprafa<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 teritorial\u0103 pentru Kremlin geopolitica constituie domeniul priorit\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ilor de politic\u0103 extern\u0103. Dup\u0103 opinia autorului rus  ,, <\/span>Principiul Marelui Spa\u021biu este legea fundamental\u0103 a geopoliticii promovat\u0103 de MacKinder \u0219i Haushofer \u0219i dezvoltat\u0103 de  Carl Schmitt.  Conform acestui principiu, suveranitatea na\u021bional\u0103 a statului depinde nu at\u00e2t  de puterea lui militar\u0103, de dezvoltarea tehnologic\u0103 \u0219i baza economic\u0103, c\u00e2t de m\u0103rimea \u0219i a\u0219ezarea geografic\u0103 a p\u0103m\u00e2nturilor \u0219i a teritoriile lor.  <\/span>\u201c <\/span> Controlul teritoriilor cu valoare strategic\u0103 a fost \u00een istoria politicii interna<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ionale una din cele mai \u00eent\u00e2lnite cauze de r\u0103zboi. Zbiegniew Brzezinski <\/span>postula urm\u0103trul aspect:<\/span>  <\/span>se relateaza c\u0103 Napoleon a spus odat\u0103  c\u0103 a cunoa\u015fte geografia unei \u021b\u0103ri \u00eenseamn\u0103  a-i cunoa\u0219te poltica extern\u0103.<\/span> <\/span>  \u00cen  r\u0103zboiul  \u00eempotriva Georgiei din august 2008  \u00een care ru\u015fii trec la ac<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iunea militar\u0103 direct\u0103 asupra Tskhinvali,  capitala regiunii separatiste Osetia de Sud  cu scopul de a promova acolo propria  politic\u0103,  de a-i  ap\u0103ra pe osetini care au ob<\/span>\u021b<\/span>inut cet\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>enie rus\u0103. Ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ii descoper\u0103 din nou   valoarea ac<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iunilor \u00een for<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103, dar cu o armat\u0103  care  a ar\u0103tat multe neajunsuri si disfunc\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i, cu armament  \u00eenvechit, cu mari probleme  de comunica\u0163ie iar comunitatea interna<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ional\u0103 nu are nici un mecanism <\/span>\u00een determinarea<\/span>  un punct de vedere comun pentru a proteja starea de fapte <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i principii cu privire la care se \u00eentemeiaz\u0103 <\/span>rela\u021biile interna\u021bionale<\/span> \u015fi care de regul\u0103 tind s\u0103 o conserve, fiind  \u00eentr-o criz\u0103 a institu<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iilor. Ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>ii \u00eei provoac\u0103 pe georgieni, intervin militar pe teritoriul Georgiei, dezinformeaz\u0103 iar \u00een  discursurile  liderii ru<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i arunc\u0103 toat\u0103 responsanbilitatea pe Tbilisi, <\/span>iar <\/span>derularea acestui episod a schimbat profund politica european\u0103 de vecin\u0103tate. <\/span>Geopoliticianul francez  Jean Sylvestre Mongrenier preciza  c\u0103<\/span> ,, Demersul geopolitic const\u0103 \u00een a distinge nivelurile de analiza \u00een func\u0163ie de ordinele de m\u0103rime pentru a desface i<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ele rela<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iilor de putere <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i de influen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a,  de cooperare <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i de rivalitate, care \u00eei fac solidari pe actorii-state <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i teritoriile implicate. Studiul reprezent\u0103rilor geopolitice este una dintre metodele de urmat pentru a \u00een<\/span>\u021b<\/span>elege cauzele conflictelor <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i a motiva<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iilor protagoni<\/span>\u0219<\/span>tilor. <\/span> Dup\u0103 evenimentele din Georgia, <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103ri precum Azerbaidjan, Kazahstan, Armenia, Belarus au  ar\u0103tat reticen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a de a participa la proiecte cu partenerii occidentali. Iar  UE a  ,, lansat <\/span>un concept<\/span>, \u00een mai 2008, la ini<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iativa Poloniei <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i Suediei un proiect ap\u0103rut \u00een reglement\u0103rile rela<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iilor de vecin\u0103tate ale Uniunii Europene care este Parteneriatul Estic ( 2008-2009), inaugurat oficial la Praga, \u00een data de 7 mai 2009. \u201c <\/span> Menit\u0103 pentru a consolida rela<\/span>\u021b<\/span>iile UE cu <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103rile din vecin\u0103tatea estic\u0103, Parteneriatul Estic  \u00ee<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i propune aprofundarea cooper\u0103rii bilatelare <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i a integr\u0103riii sporite a Uniunii Europene cu partenerii estici, precum  <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i de a crea  formule permanente pentru cooperarea multilateral\u0103, printre  ,, principalele stimulente pe care Parteneriatul Estic le poate oferi <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103rilor partenere \u00een absen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>a mobilului optim al ader\u0103rii la UE, se refer\u0103 la componenta comercial\u0103( liberalizarea treptat\u0103 a schimburilor  comerciale, crearea perspectiv\u0103 a unei comunit\u0103<\/span>\u021b<\/span>i economice de vecin\u0103tate .\u201d <\/span> Pentru unele <\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103ri  ce aveau obiectivul aderarea la UE, Parteneriatul  Estic are o atractivitate redus\u0103  de exemplu Ucraina nu consider\u0103 c\u0103 ar  fi \u00een avantajul s\u0103u dialogul  cu partenerii occidentali s\u0103 se discute \u00een acela<\/span>\u0219<\/span>i condi<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ii  precum Azerbaidjanul sau Armenia care niciodat\u0103 nu <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i-au propus ca scop aderarea la UE, iar pentru liderii de la Baku bugetul Parteneriatului Estic  este  considerat\u0103 mai  degrab\u0103 o insult\u0103 la adresa Azerbaidjanului. <\/span>Republica Moldova cu ,,o istorie de succes\u201c dar cu o independen<\/span>\u021b<\/span>\u0103 relativ\u0103, \u00eei lipse<\/span>\u0219<\/span>te tradi<\/span>\u021b<\/span>ia politic\u0103 av\u00e2nd pe agenda sa presiunile diplomatice at\u00e2t din vest c\u00e2t <\/span>\u0219<\/span>i din est.<\/span>

<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span>
<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Introducere<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/span>

<\/b><\/span>
<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n
Capitolul I. Mass-media declan\u015feaz\u0103 criza. <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
I.1. Mass-media ca instrument de politic\u0103 extern\u0103<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
 I.2. Provoc\u0103ri \u015fi mize \u00een vecin\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/a><\/div>\n
 I.3. De la propagand\u0103 la opera\u0163ii informa\u0163ionale.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/a><\/div>\n


<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 Capitolul II. Reformarea culturii politice <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
II.1. Imaginea, reputa\u0163ia actorilor politici.<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
II.2.  Formarea atitudinilor, a perceptiilor \u015fi a convingerilor.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/a><\/div>\n
II.3. De la atitudine la comportament.<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n


<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Capitolul III. Democra\u0163ia dirijat\u0103 <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
III.1. C\u00e2inele de paz\u0103 al democra\u0163iei sau c\u00e2inele lui Pavlov ?<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/b><\/div>\n
 III.2. Societatea civil\u0103 \u015fi democra\u0163ia.<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

III.3. Provoc\u0103rile noilor media.<\/b><\/a><\/span>

<\/b><\/span>
<\/b><\/span>Concluzie<\/a><\/b><\/span>

<\/span>
<\/span>
<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lucrarea respesctiva a fost finalizata in 2015 \u00cen decembrie 1991, Republicile Sovietice Socialiste a fost declarat\u0103 dizolvat\u0103 de c\u0103tre \u0219efii republicilor rus\u0103, bielorus\u0103, ucrainean\u0103, fiind \u00eenlocuit\u0103 prin Comunitatea Statelor Independente ( CSI), alcatuit\u0103 din  fostele Republici Sovietice, cu excep\u021bia  celor baltice. Destr\u0103marea URSS a \u00eensemnat sc\u0103derea influen\u021bei pe arena interna\u021bional\u0103, iar apari\u021bia  noilor state, Rusia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nI.2. Provoc\u0103ri \u015fi mize \u00een vecin\u0103tatea apropiat\u0103. 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