{"id":29199,"date":"2011-02-15T12:46:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:54:10","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:54:10","slug":"incheierea-tratatelor-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/incheierea-tratatelor-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cencheierea Tratatelor."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nPractica \u00eendelunga\u0163\u0103 a dus la formarea unor reguli cutumiare privind condi\u0163iile \u00een care&nbsp; trebuie  s\u0103 se fac\u0103 \u00eencheierea tratatelor interna\u0163ionale, \u00een parte codificate  prin Conven\u0163ia de la Viena din 1969 referitoare la tratatele  interna\u0163ionale. Tratatul poate fi \u00eencheiat \u00een form\u0103 scris\u0103 sau verbal\u0103,  aceasta neav\u00e2nd efect asupra valorii juridice a tratatului, dreptul  interna\u0163ional neimpun\u00e2nd \u00een general o form\u0103 obligatorie. De regul\u0103,  \u00eens\u0103, tratatele se \u00eencheie \u00een form\u0103 scris\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t astfel se ofer\u0103  garan\u0163ii mai mari \u00een ce prive\u015fte consemnarea exact\u0103 a voin\u0163ei p\u0103r\u0163ilor,  at\u00e2t pentru respectarea lor riguroas\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi pentru probarea  con\u0163inutului obliga\u0163iilor atunci c\u00e2nd una din p\u0103r\u0163i nu le respect\u0103.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Competente  s\u0103 \u00eencheie tratate interna\u0163ionale \u00een numele statelor sau organelor  constitu\u0163ionale ale acestora, dreptul interna\u0163ional recunosc\u00e2nd  competen\u0163ele stabilite prin legisla\u0163ia intern\u0103 a fiec\u0103rui stat. Aceasta  se stabile\u015fte de regul\u0103 prin constitu\u0163ia statului, dar \u015fi prin legi  speciale.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Constitu\u0163iile majorit\u0103\u0163ii statelor prev\u0103d c\u0103 negocierea&nbsp; \u015fi  semnarea tratatelor se fac de c\u0103tre organele executive ( pre\u015fedintele  sau guvernul), iar ratificarea este atributul parlamentului.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Practic,  \u00eens\u0103, spre deosebire de trecut c\u00e2nd \u015fefii de stat (\u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163i, regi,  pre\u015fedin\u0163i) \u00eencheiau direct tratatele interna\u0163ionale, ast\u0103zi ace\u015ftia  negociaz\u0103 numai \u00een mod excep\u0163ional, ei particip\u00e2nd de regul\u0103 prin  reprezentan\u0163i \u00eemputernici\u0163i.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Potrivit  art.91 din Constitu\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi prevederile Legii nr. 4\/1991 cu  privire la \u00eencheierea \u015fi ratificarea tratatelor, \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103  pre\u015fedintele \u00eencheie tratate \u00een numele \u0163\u0103rii, care sunt negociate de  guvern. Pre\u015fedintele poate da \u00eemputerniciri \u00een acest scop primului  \u2013ministru, ministrului afacerilor externe sau altor membri ai  guvernului, precum \u015fi unor reprezentan\u0163i diplomatici ai Rom\u00e2niei.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Guvernul  Rom\u00e2niei poate negocia \u015fi semna acorduri, conven\u0163ii sau alte \u00een\u0163elegeri  interna\u0163ionale la nivel guvernamental \u015fi aprob\u0103 \u00eencheierea de  instrumente jutridice interna\u0163ionale la nivel departamental.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acordurile  \u015fi \u00een\u0163elegerile care prin con\u0163inutul lor nu impun ratificarea de c\u0103tre  parlament sau aprobarea de c\u0103tre guvern, cunoscute sub denumirea de  acorduri \u00een form\u0103 simplificat\u0103, se \u00eencheie de ministrul afacerilor  externe prin schimburi de note sau de scrisori ori de c\u0103tre al\u0163i  mini\u015ftri \u00een colaborare cu Ministerul Afacerilor Externe.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sunt  supuse Parlamentului spre ratificare sau aderare prin lege toate  tratatele interna\u0163ionale \u00eencheiate \u00een numele Rom\u00e2niei, precum \u015fi  acordurile, conven\u0163iile \u015fi \u00een\u0163elegerile semnate la nivel guvernamental&nbsp; dac\u0103  acestea se refer\u0103 la colaborarea politic\u0103 \u015fi militar\u0103, dac\u0103 semnarea  lor presupune adoptarea unor legi noi sau modificarea legilor \u00een  vigoare, dac\u0103 ele implic\u0103 un angajament politic sau financiar ori se  refer\u0103 la probleme privind regimul politic \u015fi teritorial al statului, la  statutul persoanelor, la drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile cet\u0103\u0163ene\u015fti ori la  participarea la organiza\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale, precum \u015fi tratatele  interna\u0163ionale \u00een cuprinsul c\u0103rora se prevede \u00een mod expres c\u0103 nu sunt  supuse ratific\u0103rii sau ader\u0103rii.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Procedura  de \u00eencheiere a tratatelor se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 \u00een trei faze principale:  negocierea textului tratatului, semnarea tratatului \u015fi exprimarea  consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului statului de a fi luat parte la tratat.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) <i>Negocierea tratatului<\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Este faza \u00een care prin tratative duse \u00eentre reprezentan\u0163ii statelor abilit\u0103\u0163i \u00een acest sens se elaboreaz\u0103 textul unui tratat.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Abilitarea  de a negocia se d\u0103 de c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u0163ile competente ale fiec\u0103rui stat  conform regulilor de drept intern. Documentul de abilitare poart\u0103  denumirea de depline puteri \u015fi se elibereaz\u0103 de regul\u0103 \u00een numele  guvernului de c\u0103tre Ministerul Afacerilor Externe, sub semn\u0103tura  ministrului.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deplinele  puteri se pot da fie numai pentru a negocia, fie pentru a negocia \u015fi  semna tratatul, sau pentru alte opera\u0163iuni ( cum ar fi parafarea, de  exemplu) \u00eentotdeauna precis circumscrise.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dep\u0103\u015firea  sau \u00eenc\u0103lacarea mandatului cuprins \u00een deplinele puteri lipse\u015fte de  valoare juridic\u0103 actele \u00eencheiate.Statele pot, totu\u015fi , ca \u00een cazul \u00een  care un reprezentant \u015fi-a dep\u0103\u015fit mandatul s\u0103 aprobe ulterior sau s\u0103  recunoasc\u0103 valoarea juridic\u0103 a actelor semnate de acesta.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Potrivit  practicii interna\u0163ionale, consacrat\u0103 \u015fi \u00een legisla\u0163ia intern\u0103, anumi\u0163i  reprezentan\u0163i ai statelor nu sunt obliga\u0163i s\u0103 prezinte depline puteri la  efectuarea actelor legate de negocierea \u015fi \u00eencheierea unui tratat.  Ace\u015ftia sunt \u015feful statului, \u015feful guvernului \u015fi ministrul de externe;  \u015feful misiunii diplomatice ( numai pentru tratatele bilaterale \u00eencheiate  cu statul unde este acreditat); reprezentan\u0163ii acredita\u0163i ai statelor  la o conferin\u0163\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 convocat\u0103 \u00een vederea elabor\u0103rii unui  tratat.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Procesul de negociere a tratatului cuprinde anumite acte cu caracter preliminar<\/i>,  taton\u0103ri f\u0103cute de organele competente, \u00een special prin reprezentan\u0163ele  diplomatice acreditate, pentru a se afla dac\u0103 statul sau organele  statului respectiv inten\u0163ioneaz\u0103 sau accept\u0103 s\u0103 angajeze negocieri  asupra problemei \u00een cauz\u0103, pentru a se stabili nivelul negocierilor,  eventual felul tratatului ce urmeaz\u0103 a se negocia \u015fi, cu caracter  preliminar, problemele asupra c\u0103rora urmeaz\u0103 a se purta negocierile.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Negocierile propriu \u2013zise \u00eencep prin <i>verificarea deplinelor puteri<\/i>,  pentru a se evita ca ulterior una din p\u0103r\u0163i s\u0103 invoce incompeten\u0163a  reprezentantului s\u0103u \u015fi a se stabili de la \u00eenceput cadrul exact al  tratativelor \u015fi rezultatul la care se poate ajunge.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Ducerea tratativelor <\/i>cuprinde  o suit\u0103 de opera\u0163ii legate de prezentarea de c\u0103tre fiecare din p\u0103r\u0163i a  pozi\u0163iei asupra problemelor de reglementat, argumentarea acestora,  prezentarea reciproc\u0103 de documente informative privind problemele \u00een  discu\u0163ie sau de acte normative interne privind aceste probleme, luarea  \u00een discu\u0163ie a unor principii \u015fi reglement\u0103ri interna\u0163ionale \u00een materie  etc. Pe aceast\u0103 baz\u0103, se formuleaz\u0103 con\u0163inutul celor trei p\u0103r\u0163i ale  tratatului (preambul, dispozitiv, partea final\u0103).<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Parafarea tratatului<\/i>.  Dac\u0103 negociatorii nu au \u00eemputernicirea de a semna textul tratatului,  acesta se parafeaz\u0103.Parafarea se face prin \u00eenscrierea pe fiecare pagin\u0103,  jos \u00een col\u0163uri, a ini\u0163ialelor numelor persoanelor care au negociat  tratatul..Parafarea nu oblig\u0103 juridic statele, ci dovede\u015fte doar faptul  c\u0103 p\u0103r\u0163ile au ajuns la un acord asupra textului parafat. Parafarea poate  interveni \u015fi \u00een cursul tratativelor, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce p\u0103r\u0163ile cad de acord  asupra unor paragrafe sau articole ale textului propus.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ulterior,  p\u0103r\u0163ile pot fie s\u0103 semneze textul parafat, fie s\u0103 ridice noi probleme  \u00een discu\u0163ie, continu\u00e2nd negocierile p\u00e2n\u0103 la acordul final.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2) Semnarea tratatului<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Constituie  a dou\u0103 faz\u0103 a \u00eencheierii tratatului. Semnarea unui tratat se poate face  pur \u015fi simplu sau \u201ead referendum\u201d ( \u00een acest caz semn\u0103tura este  valabil\u0103 sub rezerva aprob\u0103rii de c\u0103tre un organ superior).<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Semnarea  exprim\u0103 voin\u0163a p\u0103r\u0163ilor de a accepta con\u0163inutul tratatului \u015fi a se  obliga la cele prev\u0103zute de acesta. Semnarea poate avea, \u00eens\u0103, o valoare  juridic\u0103 diferit\u0103, \u00een raport de voin\u0163a p\u0103r\u0163ilor contractante. Din acest  punct de vedere se distinge \u00eentre:<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -tratatele  care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 dob\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 obligatorie numai printr-o  procedur\u0103 ulterioar\u0103, distinct\u0103 de semnare, denumit\u0103 ratificare;<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -tratatele care dob\u00e2ndesc for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 prin semnarea lor;<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen  primul caz, semnarea are ca efect juridic numai autentificarea textului  tratatului, confirmarea c\u0103 textul semnat reprezint\u0103 versiunea  definitiv\u0103.Ea implic\u0103 dreptul statului semnatar de a ratifica tratatul  \u015fi obliga\u0163ia de a se ab\u0163ine de la orice ac\u0163iuni contrare spiritului  tratatului p\u00e2n\u0103 la ratificarea acestuia.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3) <i>Exprimarea consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului statului pentru a fi parte la tratat.<\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cea  de a treia faz\u0103 a \u00eencheierii tratatelor apare ca necesar\u0103 pentru  tratatele care nu se consider\u0103 \u00eencheiate numai prin depunerea  semn\u0103turii, \u00een fapt \u00eens\u0103 majoritatea tratatelor interna\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Textul  autentificat al tratatului ca urmare a semn\u0103rii lui cap\u0103t\u0103 for\u0163\u0103 prin  recurgerea la unul din urm\u0103toarele mijloace juridice: ratificarea,  aderarea, acceptarea sau aprobarea.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Ratificarea<\/i>  este opera\u0163iunea juridic\u0103 prin care tratatul semnat de persoana  \u00eemputernicit\u0103 \u00een acest scop este aprobat de organele de stat competente a  angaja statul \u00een rela\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ratificarea  se justific\u0103 prin motive de oportunitate, pentru mai mult\u0103 siguran\u0163\u0103 \u00een  ce prive\u015fte volumul \u015fi caracterul obliga\u0163iilor asumate. \u00centruc\u00e2t nu  este necesar ca toate tratatele s\u0103 fie supuse ratific\u0103rii, s-a \u00eencercat a  se stabili o delimitare \u00eentre acestea, f\u0103r\u0103 a se putea face, \u00eens\u0103, cu  destul\u0103 precizie. Problema este de competen\u0163a intern\u0103 a statelor.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen  afara situa\u0163iilor prev\u0103zute de legisla\u0163ia intern\u0103 a fiec\u0103rui stat,  tratatele vor mai fi supuse ratific\u0103rii ori de c\u00e2te ori \u00eensu\u015fi tratatul  prevede ca fiind necesar\u0103 ratificarea, ori c\u00e2nd p\u0103r\u0163ile au convenit  ulterior. De asemenea, c\u00e2nd inten\u0163ia de ratificare rezult\u0103 din conduita  p\u0103r\u0163ilor \u00een timpul negocierii sau din deplinele puteri ale  negociatorilor.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nu exist\u0103 un termen pentru ratificarea tratatelor, dar p\u0103r\u0163ile pot fixa de comun acord&nbsp; asemenea termene \u00een m\u0103rime absolut\u0103 (cifre sau date exacte) sau \u00een termeni generali (ex.:\u201dc\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil\u201d).<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De asemenea, nu exist\u0103 nici obliga\u0163ia de a ratifica un tratat.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Practica interna\u0163ional\u0103 cunoa\u015fte multe situa\u0163ii de acest fel. Ex.: S.U.A. nu au ratificat Tratatul de la Versailles din 1919.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ratificarea tratatului se face de c\u0103tre p\u0103r\u0163i, la un nivel comparabil al organelor de ratificare.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Actul de ratificare se \u00eencorporeaz\u0103 ulterior \u00eentr-un document numit de <i>instrument de<\/i> <i>ratificare<\/i>,  care se comunic\u0103, se schimb\u0103 sau se depune spre p\u0103strare statului  depozitar ( depunerea are loc \u00een cazul tratatelor multilaterale).<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Numai din momentul efectu\u0103rii, dup\u0103 caz, a uneia din aceste opera\u0163ii tratatul cap\u0103t\u0103 deplin\u0103 for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00cen cazul \u00een care ratificarea&nbsp; a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de c\u0103tre un alt organ&nbsp; dec\u00e2t  cel competent (ratificare imperfect\u0103), situa\u0163ia acestui tratat este  apreciat\u0103 \u00een mod diferit \u00een dreptul interna\u0163ional: unii \u00eel consider\u0103 ca  valabil, al\u0163ii sus\u0163in c\u0103 tratatul trebuie s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte \u00eempotriva  statului care este vinovat de ratificarea gre\u015fit\u0103, iar majoritatea  consider\u0103 c\u0103 tratatul nu este valabil.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Aderarea.<\/i>  Este procedeul juridic la care se recurge \u00een situa\u0163ia \u00een care statele  nu au semnat un tratat multilateral, indiferent dac\u0103 au participat sau  nu la negocierea acestuia, iar ulterior apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 este necesar s\u0103  devin\u0103 parte la&nbsp; acel tratat.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aderarea  este posibil\u0103 numai dac\u0103 tratatul \u00een cauz\u0103 prevede aceast\u0103 \u00een mod  expres \u00een textul s\u0103u, ori dac\u0103 din tratat rezult\u0103 inten\u0163ia p\u0103r\u0163ilor de a  permite ca \u015fi alte state s\u0103 poat\u0103 adera la acesta.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <i>Acceptarea sau aprobarea tratatului<\/i> constituie procedee mai noi pe care statele le pot folosi pentru a deveni p\u0103r\u0163i la tratat, pentru&nbsp; a se evita procedura mai \u00eendelungat\u0103 \u015fi mai complicat\u0103 a ratific\u0103rii de c\u0103tre parlament.<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Competen\u0163a  dea accepta sau aproba un tratat revine de regul\u0103 guvernelor. Aceste  proceduri sunt utilizate numai \u00een cazul tratatelor ce nu implic\u0103 un  angajament politic major sau se refer\u0103 la domenii de colaborare mai  pu\u0163in importante.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Practica \u00eendelunga\u0163\u0103 a dus la formarea unor reguli cutumiare privind condi\u0163iile \u00een care&nbsp; trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 \u00eencheierea tratatelor interna\u0163ionale, \u00een parte codificate prin Conven\u0163ia de la Viena din 1969 referitoare la tratatele interna\u0163ionale. Tratatul poate fi \u00eencheiat \u00een form\u0103 scris\u0103 sau verbal\u0103, aceasta neav\u00e2nd efect asupra valorii juridice a tratatului, dreptul interna\u0163ional neimpun\u00e2nd \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00cencheierea Tratatelor. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/incheierea-tratatelor-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cencheierea Tratatelor. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Practica \u00eendelunga\u0163\u0103 a dus la formarea unor reguli cutumiare privind condi\u0163iile \u00een care&nbsp; trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 \u00eencheierea tratatelor interna\u0163ionale, \u00een parte codificate prin Conven\u0163ia de la Viena din 1969 referitoare la tratatele interna\u0163ionale. 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