{"id":29187,"date":"2011-02-15T12:53:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T12:53:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:54:10","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:54:10","slug":"spatiul-cosmic-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/spatiul-cosmic-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Spa\u0163iul Cosmic."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nProgresele \u015ftiin\u0163ei contemporane au adus spa\u0163iul cosmic \u00een sfera colabor\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale \u015fi, ca urmare, \u015fi a reglement\u0103rilor interna\u0163ionale, odat\u0103 ce acesta a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie abordabil \u015fi s\u0103 prezinte interes pentru statele lumii. Punctul de \u00eenceput al erei cosmice este considerat anul 1957, c\u00e2nd, la 8 octombrie, a fost lansat primul satelit artificial al p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. La scurt timp, Adunarea general\u0103 a O.N.U. a creat  \u00een 1958 un Comitet special pentru problemele spa\u0163iului cosmic, \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia s-au elaborat primele rezolu\u0163ii privitoare la principiile care trebuie s\u0103 se aplice colabor\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic: Rezolu\u0163ia nr. 1721\/1961 care consacr\u0103 principiul libert\u0103\u0163ii spa\u0163iului cosmic \u015fi Rezolu\u0163ia nr. 1962\/1963 prin care s-a adoptat Declara\u0163ia asupra principiilor juridice  care guverneaz\u0103 activitatea statelor \u00een explorarea \u015fi utilizarea spa\u0163iului cosmic, pe baza c\u0103rora s-a adoptat \u00een 1967 ceea ce a fost denumit \u201e tratatul spa\u0163ial\u201d, intitulat \u201eTratatul privind principiile care guverneaz\u0103 activitatea  statelor \u00een exploatarea \u015fi utilizarea spa\u0163iului extraatmosferic, inclusiv Luna \u015fi celelalte corpuri cere\u015fti\u201d.<\/div>\n
\n            Dup\u0103 adoptarea tratatului spa\u0163ial au urmat alte importante conventii interna\u0163ionale privind spa\u0163iul cosmic:<\/div>\n
\n            -Acordul cu privire la salvarea astronau\u0163ilor, re\u00eentoarcerea astronau\u0163ilor \u015fi restituirea obiectelor lansate \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic \u2013 1968;<\/div>\n
\n            -Conven\u0163ia asupra r\u0103spunderii interna\u0163ionale pentru daunele cauzate de obiectele lansate \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic \u2013 1972;<\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\n            -Conven\u0163ia privind \u00eenmatricularea obiectelor lansate \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic \u2013 1975;<\/div>\n
\n            -Acordul asupra activit\u0103\u0163ii statelor pe lun\u0103 \u015fi pe celelalte corpuri cere\u015fti \u2013 1979.<\/div>\n
\n            Din toate aceste instrumente juridice interna\u0163ionale se desprind, \u00een afara unor reglement\u0103ri specifice, de am\u0103nunt, unele principii \u015fi reguli care se impun statelor atunci c\u00e2nd desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activit\u0103\u0163i \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic:<\/div>\n
\n            -Libertatea accesului la spa\u0163iul cosmic, a exploat\u0103rii \u015fi utiliz\u0103rii acestuia de c\u0103tre toate statele \u00een condi\u0163ii de egalitate;<\/div>\n
\n            -Activit\u0103\u0163ile statelor \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic trebuie s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u015foare  conform dreptului interna\u0163ional \u015fi Cartei O.N.U.;<\/div>\n
\n            -Folosirea spa\u0163iului extraatmosferic trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 exclusiv \u00een scopuri pa\u015fnice, nici un stat nefiind \u00een drept s\u0103 plaseze pe orbita circumterestr\u0103 sau \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic armamente clasice sau arme de distrugere \u00een mas\u0103;<\/div>\n
\n            -Utilizarea spa\u0163iului extraatmosferic trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 \u00een interesul \u00eentregii omeniri;<\/div>\n
\n            -Nici un stat nu este \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it s\u0103-\u015fi proclame suveranitatea  asupra spa\u0163iului extraatmosferic, a lunii sau a oric\u0103rui alt corp ceresc, s\u0103 le ocupe sau s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 \u00een mod exclusiv.Luna \u015fi celelalte corpuri cere\u015fti sunt declarate patrimoniu comun al umanit\u0103\u0163ii;<\/div>\n
\n            -Statele trebuie s\u0103 coopereze \u015fi s\u0103 se ajute reciproc \u00een tot ceea ce \u0163ine de explorarea sau utilizarea spa\u0163iului cosmic;<\/div>\n
\n            -Proprietatea \u015fi controlul asupra obiectelor lansate \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic revine statului care le-a \u00eenmatriculat;<\/div>\n
\n            -Astronau\u0163ii trebuie considera\u0163i ca trimi\u015fi ai umanit\u0103\u0163ii  \u00een spa\u0163iul extraatmosferic, iar statele sunt obligate s\u0103 le acorde toata asisten\u0163a posibil\u0103 \u00een caz de accident, de pericol sau de aterizare for\u0163at\u0103 pe teritoriul unui alt stat ori de aterizare \u00een marea liber\u0103;<\/div>\n
\n            -Toate statele trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces la datele \u015ftiin\u0163ifice ob\u0163inute prin explor\u0103ri spa\u0163iale, la sta\u0163iile, instala\u0163iile, echipamentul \u015fi vehiculele spa\u0163iale de pe lun\u0103 \u015fi celelalte corpuri cere\u015fti.<\/div>\n
\n            Reglement\u0103rile realizate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00een domeniul spa\u0163ial sunt \u00eenc\u0103 incomplete, ele vor fi, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 urmate de noi instrumente juridice care s\u0103 reglementeze  \u015fi alte aspecte ale rela\u0163iilor tot mai complexe pe care progresul tehnico-\u015ftiin\u0163ific le determin\u0103 \u015fi \u00een acest domeniu.<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Progresele \u015ftiin\u0163ei contemporane au adus spa\u0163iul cosmic \u00een sfera colabor\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale \u015fi, ca urmare, \u015fi a reglement\u0103rilor interna\u0163ionale, odat\u0103 ce acesta a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie abordabil \u015fi s\u0103 prezinte interes pentru statele lumii. Punctul de \u00eenceput al erei cosmice este considerat anul 1957, c\u00e2nd, la 8 octombrie, a fost lansat primul satelit artificial al p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nSpa\u0163iul Cosmic. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/spatiul-cosmic-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spa\u0163iul Cosmic. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Progresele \u015ftiin\u0163ei contemporane au adus spa\u0163iul cosmic \u00een sfera colabor\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale \u015fi, ca urmare, \u015fi a reglement\u0103rilor interna\u0163ionale, odat\u0103 ce acesta a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie abordabil \u015fi s\u0103 prezinte interes pentru statele lumii. Punctul de \u00eenceput al erei cosmice este considerat anul 1957, c\u00e2nd, la 8 octombrie, a fost lansat primul satelit artificial al p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. 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