{"id":29181,"date":"2011-02-15T12:56:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T12:56:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:54:05","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:54:05","slug":"canalele-maritime-internationale-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/canalele-maritime-internationale-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Canalele Maritime Interna\u0163ionale."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nSunt c\u0103i maritime de naviga\u0163ie artificiale, construite pentru a lega dou\u0103 m\u0103ri sau oceane \u00een scopul scurt\u0103rii rutelor de naviga\u0163ie.<\/div>\n
\n            De\u015fi sunt construite pe teritoriul unui stat \u015fi ca urmare sunt supuse suveranit\u0103\u0163ii statului respectiv, importan\u0163a pe care o prezint\u0103 pentru naviga\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103 a determinat ca statutul celor mai importante asemenea canale s\u0103 capete un caracter interna\u0163ional \u00een baza unor tratate, pentru a se asigura dreptul de tranzit prin ele pentru navele tuturor statelor.<\/div>\n
\n            Principalele canale interna\u0163ionale sunt Canalul de Suez, Canalul Panama \u015fi Canalul Kiel.<\/div>\n
\n            Canalul de Suez<\/i>. <\/div>\n
\n             A fost construit \u00eentre 1859-1869, pe teritoriul Egiptului, care \u00een acea perioad\u0103 se afla sub suzeranitatea Imperiului Otoman, pentru a lega pe o rut\u0103  mai direct\u0103 Oceanul Indian, prin Marea Ro\u015fie, cu Marea Mediteran\u0103.Regimul interna\u0163ional al canalului a fost stabilit \u00een baza Conven\u0163iei de la Constantinopol din 1888, care consacra libertatea de trecere pentru toate categoriilor de nave ale tuturor statelor at\u00e2t \u00een timp de pace c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een  timp de r\u0103zboi, f\u0103r\u0103 oprire \u015fi debarcare \u015fi urm\u00e2nd indica\u0163iile autorit\u0103\u0163ii de control. Se stabilea o zon\u0103 neutralizat\u0103 de 3 mile pe ambele maluri care nu putea fi transformat\u0103 \u00een teatru de r\u0103zboi \u015fi nici supus\u0103 blocadei \u015fi \u00een care era interzis\u0103 construirea de fortifica\u0163ii permanente \u015fi se prevedea posibilitatea ca Egiptul s\u0103 ia unele m\u0103suri restrictive dac\u0103 aprecia c\u0103 securitatea sa ar fi amenin\u0163at\u0103.<\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\n            Dup\u0103 na\u0163ionalizarea , \u00een 1956, de c\u0103tre Egipt a Companiei Canalului de Suez ca expresie a afirm\u0103rii suveranit\u0103\u0163ii sale asupra Canalului \u015fi dup\u0103 e\u015fuarea interven\u0163iei militare a Angliei \u015fi Fran\u0163ei, care doreau s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103streze privilegiile \u00een zon\u0103, Egiptul a f\u0103cut o declara\u0163ie unilateral\u0103 \u00een aprilie 1957 angaj\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 respecte \u015fi dup\u0103 na\u0163ionalizare  statutul interna\u0163ional al Canalului \u015fi s\u0103 asigure libertatea de naviga\u0163ie deplin\u0103 a tuturor statelor \u00een condi\u0163iile stabilite prin Conven\u0163ia din 1888.<\/div>\n
\n            Canalul Panama<\/i><\/div>\n
\n            A fost construit la \u00eenceputul secolului XX pe teritoriul Statului Columbia \u00een istmul Panama \u015fi deschis naviga\u0163iei \u00een 1914, pentru a se realiza o leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre Oceanul Atlantic \u015fi Oceanul Pacific.<\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen 1901 se \u00eencheia un tratat \u00eentre Statele Unite \u015fi Anglia prin care se stabilea statutul juridic al canalului care \u00eenc\u0103 nu fusese terminat, \u00een sensul garant\u0103rii libert\u0103\u0163ii de naviga\u0163ie a tuturor statelor \u00een timp de pace \u015fi r\u0103zboi \u00een condi\u0163ii asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu cele privind Canalul de Suez, dar f\u0103r\u0103 a fi demilitarizat, Statelor Unite recunosc\u00e2ndu-li-se dreptul de a controla \u015fi asigura securitatea Canalului.<\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen 1903, Statele Unite \u00eencheie  un nou tratat cu noul stat Panama, desprins din Columbia \u015fi controlat de S.U.A., prin care dob\u00e2ndea monopolul construc\u0163iei, \u00eentre\u0163inerii \u015fi gestiunii ulterioare a Canalului, drepturi largi \u00een ce prive\u015fte ap\u0103rarea militar\u0103 a acestuia \u015fi unele drepturi suverane pe timp de 99 de ani pe o f\u00e2sie de 5 km pe ambele maluri ale Canalului.Se prevedea neutralizarea Canalului, dar S.U.A. au \u00eenc\u0103lcat aceast\u0103 obliga\u0163ie, transform\u00e2nd zona \u00eentr-o baz\u0103 militar\u0103 american\u0103.<\/div>\n
\n            Ca urmare a revendic\u0103rii de c\u0103tre Panama a suveranit\u0103\u0163ii sale asupra zonei Canalului, \u00een 1977 s-a \u00eencheiat un tratat \u00eentre S.U.A. \u015fi Statul Panama potrivit c\u0103ruia zona canalului trece sub suveranitatea Panama, iar administra\u0163ia Canalului \u015fi ap\u0103rarea militar\u0103 a zonei sunt transferate  treptat statului Panama p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1999, dup\u0103 care Canalul urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 dob\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 un regim de neutralitate garantat de S.U.A.<\/div>\n
\n            Canalul Kiel<\/i><\/div>\n
\n            A fost construit de Germania pe teritoriul s\u0103u \u00eentre 1885-1895 \u015fi leag\u0103 Marea Baltic\u0103 cu Marea Nordului.<\/div>\n
\n            Statutul s\u0103u interna\u0163ional a fost stabilit dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial prin Tratatul de la Versailles, care-l declara deschis naviga\u0163iei libere a tuturor navelor militare \u015fi civile, \u00een timp de pace \u015fi r\u0103zboi, pentru toate statele, pe baz\u0103 de egalitate, cu dreptul pentru Germania ca \u00een timp de r\u0103zboi s\u0103-l poat\u0103 inchide pentru navele statelor inamice. Germaniei i se recuno\u015ftea dreptul de a reglementa paza canalului, precum \u015fi regimul vamal \u015fi sanitar \u00een zon\u0103.<\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen 1936, Germania a denun\u0163at tratatul \u015fi a elaborat un nou regulament prin care se men\u0163inea libera trecere a navelor comerciale str\u0103ine, iar trecerea navelor militare era condi\u0163ionat\u0103 de ob\u0163inerea unor<\/div>\n
\nautoriza\u0163ii speciale din partea autorit\u0103\u0163ilor germane. \u00cen 1945, regimul interna\u0163ional al Canalului Kiel a fost restabilit.<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sunt c\u0103i maritime de naviga\u0163ie artificiale, construite pentru a lega dou\u0103 m\u0103ri sau oceane \u00een scopul scurt\u0103rii rutelor de naviga\u0163ie.             De\u015fi sunt construite pe teritoriul unui stat \u015fi ca urmare sunt supuse suveranit\u0103\u0163ii statului respectiv, importan\u0163a pe care o prezint\u0103 pentru naviga\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103 a determinat ca statutul celor mai importante asemenea canale s\u0103 capete […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCanalele Maritime Interna\u0163ionale. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/canalele-maritime-internationale-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canalele Maritime Interna\u0163ionale. - 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