{"id":29163,"date":"2011-02-15T13:02:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T13:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","slug":"teritoriul-de-stat-notiune-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/teritoriul-de-stat-notiune-si\/","title":{"rendered":"Teritoriul de Stat \u2013 No\u0163iune \u015fi componente."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nTeritoriul de stat reprezint\u0103 spa\u0163iul geografic \u00een limitele c\u0103ruia un stat \u00ee\u015fi exercit\u0103 suveranitatea sa deplin\u0103 \u015fi exclusiv\u0103. \u00cen dreptul interna\u0163ional teritoriul de stat este un element de o deosebit\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t vizeaz\u0103 o valoare fundamental\u0103 pentru existen\u0163a \u00eens\u0103\u015fi a statelor.Teritoriul constituie, dup\u0103 cum s-a mai ar\u0103tat, una din premisele materiale ale existen\u0163ei statului, al\u0103turi de popula\u0163ie. Statul se bazeaz\u0103 pe popula\u0163ia care este situat\u0103 pe un anumit teritoriu.<\/div>\n
\n            Asupra teritoriului s\u0103u statul \u00ee\u015fi exercit\u0103 pe deplin \u015fi \u00een mod exclusiv suveranitatea \u015fi ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een vederea realiz\u0103rii sarcinilor \u015fi func\u0163iilor sale, celelalte state fiind obligate s\u0103 nu aduc\u0103 atingere integrit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale a altor state \u015fi drepturilor suverane pe care acestea le au \u00een limitele lor teritoriale.<\/div>\n
\n            Deplin\u0103tatea suveranit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale a unui stat se exprim\u0103 prin aceea c\u0103 \u00een propriul teritoriu fiecare stat este \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 determine \u00eentinderea \u015fi natura competen\u0163elor sale, s\u0103 reglementeze raporturile sociale \u00een cele mai variate domenii, s\u0103-\u015fi impun\u0103 autoritatea sa asupra \u00eentregului mecanism social \u015fi s\u0103 dispun\u0103 asupra resurselor \u015fi bog\u0103\u0163iei na\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n
\n            Exclusivitatea suveranit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fiecare stat \u00ee\u015fi exercit\u0103 suveranitatea numai pe un anumit teritoriu \u015fi nici un stat nu-\u015fi poate exercita suveranitatea pe teritoriul altui stat. Exercitarea suveranit\u0103\u0163ii mai multor state asupra aceluia\u015fi teritoriu ar contrazice \u00eensu\u015fi conceptul de suveranitate. \u00centre statele independente respectul suveranit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale este una dintre bazele esen\u0163iale ale raporturilor interna\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n
\n            Deplin\u0103tatea \u015fi exclusivitatea suveranit\u0103\u0163ii teritoriale nu exclud, \u00eens\u0103, ca un stat, prin propria voin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi \u00een condi\u0163ii stabilite prin acorduri interna\u0163ionale, s\u0103 permit\u0103 altor state \u015fi cet\u0103\u0163enilor acestora accesul pe propriul teritoriu \u015fi unele drepturi \u00een folosirea acestuia, \u00een general pe baz\u0103 de reciprocitate. Astfel, statele \u00ee\u015fi acord\u0103 reciproc dreptul de tranzit al mijloacelor de transport feroviare, rutiere, aeriene, maritime sau fluviale, dreptul de a efectua schimburi economice \u015fi de a face afaceri, dreptul de a utiliza \u00een anumite limite instala\u0163iile sau fondurile acestora, etc.<\/div>\n

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\n            De asemenea, \u00een cadrul cooper\u0103rii interna\u0163ionale statele se pot angaja s\u0103 se ab\u0163in\u0103 pe propriul teritoriu de la anumite activit\u0103\u0163i, cum ar fi amplasarea unor categorii de arme, efectuarea unor mi\u015fc\u0103ri de trupe sau a unor aplica\u0163ii militare, ori de la construirea unor instala\u0163ii care ar d\u0103una mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor \u015fi ar produce prejudicii \u015fi altor state, de a introduce restric\u0163ii \u00een ce prive\u015fte desf\u0103\u015furarea unor activit\u0103\u0163i sau de a se supune \u00een cadrul dreptului lor de a legifera unor condi\u0163ii \u015fi limite stabilite prin conven\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale la care sunt parte.<\/div>\n
\n            De la exercitarea \u00een m od exclusiv a suveranit\u0103\u0163ii de stat asupra teritoriului au existat de-a lungul istoriei \u015fi c\u00e2teva excep\u0163ii, c\u00e2nd un anumit teritoriu a fost supus suveranit\u0103\u0163ii a dou\u0103 sau mai multor state. Acest\u0103 situa\u0163ie, adesea cu caracter provizoriu, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de condominium, a fost specific\u0103 evului mediu, fiind legat\u0103 \u00eendeosebi de conflictele dintre marile puteri sau de regimurile coloniale. \u00cen prezent, mai d\u0103inuie \u00een c\u00e2teva cazuri: Andira (Spania \u015fi Fran\u0163a), dat\u00e2nd din 1278; Insulele Noile Hebride din Oceanul Pacific (Anglia \u015fi Fran\u0163a) \u015fi altele mai pu\u0163in importante.<\/div>\n
\n            Suveranitatea de stat asupra teritoriului ca fundament al exercit\u0103rii autorit\u0103\u0163ii depline \u015fi exclusive a unui stat asupra unui teritoriu constituie o abordare modern\u0103 a problemei teritoriului \u00een dreptul interna\u0163ional, ca rezultat al evolu\u0163iei rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen evul mediu teritoriul era considerat proprietatea exclusiv\u0103 a monarhului, care-l putea vinde, schimba, d\u0103rui sau pune z\u0103log dup\u0103 propria sa voin\u0163\u0103 absolut\u0103, potrivit regimului aplicat propriet\u0103\u0163ii feudale (dominium).Revolu\u0163ia francez\u0103 a impus ideea de suprema\u0163ie teritorial\u0103 (imperium), ca expresie a autorit\u0103\u0163ii pe care un stat o exercit\u0103 asupra unui teritoriu, opus\u0103 no\u0163iunii de proprietate.<\/div>\n
\n            Spre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XIX-lea se impune teoria competen\u0163ei, potrivit c\u0103reia teritoriul ar reprezenta sfera de validitate \u00een spa\u0163iu a ordinii juridice na\u0163ionale, \u00een care statul \u00ee\u015fi exercit\u0103 nu atribu\u0163ii de suveranitate, ci doar competen\u0163e stabilite de dreptul interna\u0163ional.<\/div>\n
\n            Aceast\u0103 teorie nu exprim\u0103 \u00een mod corect raportul dintre stat \u015fi propriul s\u0103u teritoriu. Statele nu exercit\u0103 asupra teritoriului lor o simpl\u0103 competen\u0163\u0103 pe care dreptul interna\u0163ional le-ar acorda-o.\u015ei acesta pentru dou\u0103 considera\u0163ii principale:c\u0103 statul exercit\u0103 \u00een drept \u015fi \u00een fapt, pe propriul teritoriu o suprema\u0163ie deplin\u0103 \u015fi exclusiv\u0103 \u015fi c\u0103 dreptul interna\u0163ional este un drept de coordonare \u015fi nu un sistem institu\u0163ional suprastatal \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it s\u0103  stabilesc\u0103  pentru fiecare stat \u00een parte limitele autorit\u0103\u0163ii pe care acesta ar putea s\u0103 o exercite asupra teritoriului \u015fi a popula\u0163iei proprii.<\/div>\n
\n            Teritoriul de stat se compune din spa\u0163iul terestru, spa\u0163iul acvatic \u015fi spa\u0163iul aerian.<\/div>\n
\n            Spa\u0163iul terestru<\/i> este partea de uscat a teritoriului cuprins\u0103 \u00een limitele frontierei de stat,  indiferent unde este situat\u0103 geografic.El cuprinde at\u00e2t solul, c\u00e2t \u015fi subsolul \u00een ad\u00e2ncime p\u00e2n\u0103 la limita accesibil\u0103 tehnicii.<\/div>\n
\n            Teritoriul poate fi format dintr-o singur\u0103 mas\u0103 continental\u0103 sau insular\u0103, poate cuprinde at\u00e2t teritoriul continental c\u00e2t \u015fi insular, ori mai multe insule constituite \u00een arhipeleag, dup\u0103 cum teritoriul unui stat poate cuprinde al\u0103turi de un teritoriu compact numeroase alte teritorii situate la mare distan\u0163\u0103, uneori pe continente diferite, precum \u015fi enclave situate \u00een limitele teritoriale ale altui stat.<\/div>\n
\n            Prin asimilare, sunt considerate ca f\u0103c\u00e2nd parte din teritoriu \u015fi cablurile submarine, precum \u015fi navele \u015fi aeronavele, c\u00e2nd acestea se afl\u0103 dincolo de limitele teritoriului de stat.<\/div>\n
\n            Spa\u0163iul acvatic<\/i> cuprinde apele interioare (r\u00e2uri, fluvii, canale, lacuri, m\u0103ri interioare), iar \u00een cazul statelor care au ie\u015fire la mare se adaug\u0103 apele maritime interioare \u015fi marea teritorial\u0103. Statele maritime exercit\u0103 \u015fi unele drepturi suverane asupra zonei contigue, a zonei economice exclusive \u015fi a platoului continental, care nu fac parte din teritoriul de stat.<\/div>\n
\n            Din teritoriul unor state fac parte \u015fi zonele limitrofe din sectoarele polare ale Arcticii, spa\u0163iul situat \u00eentre Polul Nord \u015fi \u0163\u0103rmurile nordice ale Europei, Asiei \u015fi Americii de Nord. Aceste sectoare, care pornesc de la limitele grani\u0163elor \u0163\u0103rilor limitrofe \u015fi, de-a lungul meridianelor geografice corespunz\u0103toare, se nasc la Polul Nord, form\u00e2nd triunghiuri, apar\u0163in S..U.A., Canadei, Danemarcei, Norvegiei \u015fi Rusiei.<\/div>\n
\n            Spa\u0163iul aerian<\/i> reprezint\u0103 coloana de aer situat\u0103 deasupra teritoriului terestru \u015fi a spa\u0163iului acvatic al unui stat, ale c\u0103rei limite superioare sunt relativ neprecizate, \u00eentinz\u00e2ndu-se p\u00e2n\u0103 la limita inferioar\u0103 a spa\u0163iului extraatmosferic, considerat\u0103 a fi situat\u0103 la aproximativ 100 sau 110 km deasupra nivelului m\u0103rii.<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teritoriul de stat reprezint\u0103 spa\u0163iul geografic \u00een limitele c\u0103ruia un stat \u00ee\u015fi exercit\u0103 suveranitatea sa deplin\u0103 \u015fi exclusiv\u0103. \u00cen dreptul interna\u0163ional teritoriul de stat este un element de o deosebit\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t vizeaz\u0103 o valoare fundamental\u0103 pentru existen\u0163a \u00eens\u0103\u015fi a statelor.Teritoriul constituie, dup\u0103 cum s-a mai ar\u0103tat, una din premisele materiale ale existen\u0163ei statului, al\u0103turi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nTeritoriul de Stat \u2013 No\u0163iune \u015fi componente. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/teritoriul-de-stat-notiune-si\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Teritoriul de Stat \u2013 No\u0163iune \u015fi componente. - 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