{"id":29153,"date":"2011-02-15T13:08:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T13:08:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","slug":"statutul-refugiatilor-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/statutul-refugiatilor-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Statutul Refugia\u0163ilor."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nProblema refugia\u0163ilor a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, c\u00e2nd un  mare num\u0103r de persoane de na\u0163ionalitate rus\u0103 sau armean\u0103 din fostele imperii \u0163arist \u015fi otoman care se pr\u0103bu\u015fiser\u0103 au fost obligate s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u0163ara \u015fi s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103, de teama persecu\u0163iilor, pe teritoriul altor state. Ulterior acestor categorii de refigia\u0163i li s-au al\u0103turat \u015fi altele: persoanele fugite de pe teritoriul statelor care fuseser\u0103 \u00een conflict \u00een al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, asirieni, asirocaldeeni, sirieni, kurzi sau turci din fostul Imperiu Otoman, refugia\u0163ii din teritoriul Saarului, dup\u0103 plebiscitul din 1935, cet\u0103\u0163enii germani care \u015fi-au p\u0103r\u0103sit \u0163ara ca urmare a persecu\u0163iilor naziste dup\u0103 1933, cehi \u015fi austrieci dup\u0103 ocuparea teritoriilor \u0163\u0103rilor lor de c\u0103tre Germania.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Situa\u0163ia acestora a constituit obiect de preocupare at\u00e2t pentru statele primitoare, c\u00e2t \u015fi pentru Societatea Na\u0163iunilor, \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia s-au \u00eencheiat mai multe conven\u0163ii sau alte acte interna\u0163ionale prin care se \u00eencerca o rezolvare punctual\u0103 a problemelor fiec\u0103rei categorii de refugia\u0163i, pe na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i, \u00een raport de \u0163ara de provenien\u0163\u0103. \u00cen 1921, \u00een cadrul Societ\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163iunilor, a luat fiin\u0163\u0103 Comitetul pentru refugia\u0163i condus de cunoscutul explorator polar F. Nansen, adopt\u00e2ndu-se numeroase m\u0103suri de protec\u0163ie \u00een favoarea refugia\u0163ilor, care au primit totodat\u0103 dreptul de a se deplasa \u00een diferite \u0163\u0103ri in baza unui pa\u015faport interna\u0163ional, cunoscut ca Pa\u015faportul Nansen.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cre\u015fterea masiv\u0103 a num\u0103rului refugia\u0163ilor \u00een perioada imediat urm\u0103toare celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial (deporta\u0163i din \u0163\u0103rile ocupate de Germania, victime ale regimurilor naziste, fasciste sau falangist, evrei fugi\u0163i din Germania \u015fi Austria etc.) a determinat ca O.N.U. s\u0103-\u015fi propun\u0103 drept obiectiv asigurarea unui sistem interna\u0163ional de protec\u0163ie \u015fi a unei asisten\u0163e materiale  adecvate pentru refugia\u0163i \u015fi s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri \u00een consecin\u0163\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Ulterior, evenimentele interne din diferite \u0163\u0103ri sau r\u0103zboaiele locale au furnizat alte importante contingente de refugia\u0163i provenind din numeroase \u0163\u0103ri ale lumii.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n            Pentru repatrierea refugia\u0163ilor sau pentru asistarea acestora au fost incheiate numeroase conven\u0163ii \u015fi aranjamente interna\u0163ionale, au fost constituite organisme ale O.N.U. care s\u0103 se ocupe de protec\u0163ia lor interna\u0163ional\u0103.\u00cen decembrie 1950 a fost creat \u00cenaltul Comisariat al Na\u0163iunilor Unite pentru Refugia\u0163i, care a \u00eenceput s\u0103 func\u0163ioneze la 1 ianuarie 1951 \u015fi func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u015fi in prezent. \u00cenaltul Comisariat are sarcina de a c\u0103uta solu\u0163ii permanente pentru problema refugia\u0163ilor, ajut\u00e2nd guvernele statelor \u015fi organiza\u0163iile private s\u0103 faciliteze repatrierea liber consim\u0163it\u0103 a acestora sau asimilarea lor \u00een noile comunit\u0103\u0163i na\u0163ionale.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statutul refugai\u0163ilor este reglementat \u00een prezent \u00een principal prin 2 instrumente juridice:\u201dConven\u0163ia privind statutul refugia\u0163ilor\u201d din 1951 \u015fi \u201eProtocolul asupra refugia\u0163ilor\u201d din 1967, c\u0103rora li se al\u0103tur\u0103 o serie de rezolu\u0163ii ale Adun\u0103rii Generale a O.N.U. \u015fi alte acte cu caracter interna\u0163ional.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Conven\u0163ia din 1951 d\u0103dea o defini\u0163ie a refugiatului, \u00een sensul c\u0103 are aceast\u0103 calitate orice persoan\u0103 care \u201e\u00een urma unor evenimente survenite \u00eenainte de 1 ianuarie 1951 \u015fi a unor temeri justificate de a fi persecutat\u0103 datoruit\u0103 rasei, religiei, na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii, apartenen\u0163ei la un anumit grup social sau opiniilor sale politice, se afl\u0103 \u00een afara \u0163\u0103rii a c\u0103rei cet\u0103\u0163enie o are \u015fi care nu poate sau, datorit\u0103 acestei temeri, nu dore\u015fte protec\u0163ia acestei \u0163\u0103ri sau care, neav\u00e2nd nici o cet\u0103\u0163enie \u015fi g\u0103sindu-se \u00een afara \u0163\u0103rii \u00een care \u00ee\u015fi avea re\u015fedin\u0163a obi\u015fnuit\u0103 ca urmare a unor asemenea evenimente nu poate sau, datorit\u0103 respectivei temeri , nu dore\u015fte s\u0103 se re\u00eentoarc\u0103\u201d. Ulterior, prin Protocolul din 1967 statutul de refugiat a fost extins \u015fi asupra persoanelor care se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o  situa\u0163ie similar\u0103 dup\u0103 anul 1951.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Rezult\u0103, deci, \u00een esen\u0163\u0103, c\u0103 refugiatul este un str\u0103in sau o persoan\u0103 f\u0103ra cet\u0103\u0163enie care pentru variate motive de persecu\u0163ie nu poate sau nu dore\u015fte s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103  \u00een tara de origine, fiind astfel lipsit\u0103 de protec\u0163ia acesteia.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            De men\u0163ionat c\u0103 statutul de refugiat se acord\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna \u00een mod individual \u015fi numai dac\u0103 motivele invocate sunt temeinice.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statul \u00een care se afl\u0103 refugia\u0163ii este \u00een drept s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 regimul acestora \u00een limitele propriului teritoriu, \u0163in\u00e2nd seama \u015fi de standardele stabilite prin instrumentele \u00een materie la care a aderat sau la ale c\u0103ror prevederi a achiesat.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statutul juridic al refugia\u0163ilor cuprinde dou\u0103 categorii de probleme: protec\u0163ia \u015fi asisten\u0163a.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Protec\u0163ia se refer\u0103 la acordarea de c\u0103tre statul primitor a unor drepturi concretizat\u0103 \u00een dreptul de intrare pe teritoriul s\u0103u , dreptul de \u015federe, care implic\u0103 o sum\u0103 de drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii similare \u00een general statutului str\u0103inilor, dar care include \u015fi elemente ale unei situa\u0163ii privilegiate fa\u0163\u0103 de ace\u015ftia, \u00een special \u00een domeniul social \u015fi al raporturilor de munc\u0103 av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 refugia\u0163ii sunt lipsi\u0163i de protec\u0163ia altui stat, precum \u015fi dreptul de a nu \u00eenapoia\u0163i f\u0103r\u0103 voia lor  statului de origine chiar dac\u0103 sunt expulza\u0163i.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Asisten\u0163a  se refer\u0103 la m\u0103suri de ajutorare a refugia\u0163ilor  implic\u00e2nd sprijin material, financiar, asistan\u0163\u0103 social\u0103, locuin\u0163e \u015fi altele asemenea care s\u0103 fac\u0103 posibil\u0103 \u015fi convenabil\u0103 \u015federea lor pe teritoriul statului primitor.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen asisten\u0163a ce se acord\u0103 refugia\u0163ilor un rol important \u00eel au , al\u0103turi de contribu\u0163ia statului primitor, fondurile furnizate de oeganismele interna\u0163ionale cu caracter umanitar sau de organismele O.N.U., contribu\u0163iile voluntare ale unor guverne ori ale unor persoane particulare.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Obliga\u0163iile refugia\u0163ilor fa\u0163\u0103 de statul primitor sunt similare cu cele ale oric\u0103rui str\u0103in.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cu toate reglement\u0103rile interna\u0163ionale existente, statutul juridic al refugia\u0163ilor r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eenc\u0103 precar, iar asisten\u0163a ce li se acord\u0103 nu poate acoperi de regul\u0103, toate nevoile acestora.Problema refugia\u0163ilor continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie una din gravele probleme ale lumii contemporane.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u0162ara noastr\u0103 a aderat de Conven\u0163ia din 1951 \u015fi la Protocolul din 1967 \u00een anul 1991 \u015fi a reglementat statutul refigia\u0163ilor pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei prin Legea nr. 15\/1996.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Problema refugia\u0163ilor a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, c\u00e2nd un  mare num\u0103r de persoane de na\u0163ionalitate rus\u0103 sau armean\u0103 din fostele imperii \u0163arist \u015fi otoman care se pr\u0103bu\u015fiser\u0103 au fost obligate s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u0163ara \u015fi s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103, de teama persecu\u0163iilor, pe teritoriul altor state. Ulterior acestor categorii de refigia\u0163i li s-au al\u0103turat \u015fi altele: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nStatutul Refugia\u0163ilor. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/statutul-refugiatilor-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Statutul Refugia\u0163ilor. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Problema refugia\u0163ilor a ap\u0103rut dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, c\u00e2nd un  mare num\u0103r de persoane de na\u0163ionalitate rus\u0103 sau armean\u0103 din fostele imperii \u0163arist \u015fi otoman care se pr\u0103bu\u015fiser\u0103 au fost obligate s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u0163ara \u015fi s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103, de teama persecu\u0163iilor, pe teritoriul altor state. 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