{"id":29145,"date":"2011-02-15T13:17:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T13:17:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:53:59","slug":"cetatenia-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nCet\u0103\u0163enia  este definit\u0103 ca leg\u0103tura politic\u0103 \u015fi juridic\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103 dintre o persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 \u015fi un anumit stat, care genereaz\u0103 drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii pentru cet\u0103\u0163ean \u015fi statul respectiv. Ea exprim\u0103 apartenen\u0163a persoanei la statul respectiv, caracterizeaz\u0103 prin plenitudinea drepturilor \u015fi obliga\u0163iilor reciproce prev\u0103zute de constitu\u0163ie \u015fi legi. Este un raport juridic indisolubil legat de persoana omului. Raportul de cet\u0103\u0163enie este permanent \u00een timp, ap\u0103r\u00e2nd odat\u0103 cu na\u015fterea omului \u015fi, \u00een principiu, disp\u0103r\u00e2nd odat\u0103 cu dispari\u0163ia fizic\u0103 a acestuia \u015fi nelimitat \u00een spa\u0163iu, el subzist\u00e2nd oriunde s-ar g\u0103si o persoan\u0103, \u00een statul de origine, pe teritoriul altui stat, pe mare, \u00een aer sau \u00een cosmos.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cet\u0103\u0163enia este supus\u0103 \u00een principiu unui regim de reglementare intern\u0103, statele av\u00e2nd o competen\u0163\u0103 exclusiv\u0103 \u00een a stabili \u00een cadrul legisla\u0163iei proprii at\u00e2t modurile de dob\u00e2ndire \u015fi de pierdere a cet\u0103\u0163eniei, c\u00e2t \u015fi toate drepturile \u015fi obliga\u0163iile care decurg din leg\u0103tura politic\u0103 \u015fi juridic\u0103 a apartenen\u0163ei unui stat.De regul\u0103 numai cet\u0103\u0163enii unui stat se bucur\u0103 de drepturile politice \u015fi pot avea acces la func\u0163iile publice, civile sau militare.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dreptul interna\u0163ional nu limiteaz\u0103 libertatea statelor de a stabili prin legisla\u0163ia intern\u0103 regimul juridic propriilor cet\u0103\u0163eni, dar poate determina condi\u0163iile \u00een care regimul juridic stabilit este opozabil altor state.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dac\u0103 celelalte state nu pot nega dreptul exclusiv de reglementare al unui stat anume, ele pot, s\u0103 nu recunoasc\u0103 sau s\u0103 nu accepte consecin\u0163ele pe care regimul astfel stabilit le-ar avea \u00een plan interna\u0163ional \u00een cazul \u00een care sunt \u00eenc\u0103lcate principiile generale sau norme de drept interna\u0163ional.Astfel, o lege de ob\u0163inere a cet\u0103\u0163eniei bazat\u0103 pe criterii de discriminare rasial\u0103, religioas\u0103 sau politic\u0103, ori prin \u00eenc\u0103lcarea unor drepturi fundamentale ale omului, nu va putea fi considerat\u0103 ilicit\u0103 din punct de vedere al regulilor de drept interna\u0163ional \u015fi neopozabil\u0103 altor state, dup\u0103 cum acordarea \u00een mod abuziv a cet\u0103\u0163eniei de complezen\u0163\u0103, fictiv\u0103, unor indivizi care nu au o leg\u0103tur\u0103 efectiv\u0103 cu statul respectiv, este considerat\u0103 potrivit unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri a Cur\u0163ii Interna\u0163ionale de Justiionale de Justi\u0163ie din 1955 dat\u0103 \u00eentr-o spe\u0163\u0103 celebr\u0103 (Cazul Nottebohm)  ca \u00eenc\u0103lc\u00e2nd un  principiu fundamental \u00een materie de cet\u0103\u0163enie (efectivitatea).<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n            \u00cen Ram\u00e2nia cet\u0103\u0163enia este reglementat\u0103 prin Legea nr. 21 din 1 martie 1991.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dob\u00e2ndirea cet\u0103\u0163eniei<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cet\u0103\u0163enia se poate  dob\u00e2ndi prin na\u015ftere sau prin naturalizare.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Prin na\u015ftere, cet\u0103\u0163enia se dob\u00e2nde\u015fte automat ca efect al producerii acestui fenomen natural, noul n\u0103scut neput\u00e2nd fi consultat dar neput\u00e2nd r\u0103m\u00e2ne f\u0103r\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enie p\u00e2n\u0103 la maturizarea sa.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen legisla\u0163ia diferitelor state la dob\u00e2ndirea cet\u0103\u0163eniei prin na\u015ftere se aplic\u0103 fie principiul jus sanguinis, potrivit c\u0103ruia fiul prime\u015fte cet\u0103\u0163enia p\u0103rin\u0163ilor s\u0103i indiferent de locul na\u015fterii, fie principiul jus soli, potrivit c\u0103ruia copilul dob\u00e2nde\u015fte cet\u0103\u0163enia statului pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia se na\u015fte, indiferent de cet\u0103\u0163enia p\u0103rin\u0163ilor s\u0103i.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Unele state, cum sunt \u0163\u0103rile latine din Europa, \u0163\u0103rile scandinave , Japonia \u015fi Filipine, aplic\u0103 principiul jus sanguinis, \u00een altele, cum ar fi Argentina \u015fi Paraguay, se aplic\u0103 jus soli, iar S.U.A., Anglia \u015fi unele \u0163\u0103ri din America Latin\u0103 aplic\u0103 un sistem combinat, pun\u00e2nd accentul pe dreptul locului na\u015fterii.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Rom\u00e2nia a aplicat \u015fi aplic\u0103 principiul jus sanguinis.Legea nr. 21\/1991 privitoare la cet\u0103\u0163enie prevede c\u0103 to\u0163i copiii care s-au n\u0103scut pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei din p\u0103rin\u0163i cet\u0103\u0163eni rom\u00e2ni sunt cet\u0103\u0163eni rom\u00e2ni.De asemenea, sunt cet\u0103\u0163eni rom\u00e2ni copiii care s-au n\u0103scut pe teritoriul statului rom\u00e2n dac\u0103 numai unul din p\u0103rin\u0163i este cet\u0103\u0163ean rom\u00e2n, precum \u015fi cei n\u0103scu\u0163i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate dac\u0103 ambii p\u0103rin\u0163i sau numai unul din ei are cet\u0103\u0163enie rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Pe cale de excep\u0163ie, pentru a se evita apatridia se consider\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163ean rom\u00e2n \u015fi copilul g\u0103sit pe teritoriul statului nostru dac\u0103 nici unul din p\u0103rin\u0163i nu este cunoscut.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Prin naturalizare cet\u0103\u0163enia se dob\u00e2nde\u015fte la cererea persoanei interesate, printr-un act al autorit\u0103\u0163ilor statului solicitat \u015fi cu \u00eendeplinirea condi\u0163iilor stabilite  de legisla\u0163ia \u00een materie a acelui stat.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dob\u00e2ndirea cet\u0103\u0163eniei prin naturalizare se poate face \u00een c\u00e2teva situa\u0163ii:<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            a) Prin c\u0103s\u0103toria a dou\u0103 persoane care au cet\u0103\u0163enii diferite.De principiu cet\u0103tenia nu se dob\u00e2nde\u015fte \u015fi nu se pierde  ca efect al c\u0103s\u0103toriei.Toti\u015fi, problema se pune \u00eentruc\u00e2t legisla\u0163ia unor state prevede, ca efect al inegalit\u0103\u0163ii juridice tradi\u0163ionale a femeii cu b\u0103rbatul , c\u0103 femeia dob\u00e2nde\u015fte prin c\u0103s\u0103torie din oficiu cet\u0103\u0163enia b\u0103rbatului.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen consens cu dezvoltarea drepturilor omului legisla\u0163ia unor state s-a modificat consacr\u00e2nd principiul liberului consim\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt la dob\u00e2ndirea cet\u0103\u0163eniei al femeii c\u0103s\u0103torite, \u00een sensul c\u0103 la c\u0103s\u0103toria cu un str\u0103in femeia poate opta \u00eentre a-\u015fi men\u0163ine cet\u0103\u0163enia \u015fi a lua cet\u0103\u0163enia so\u0163ului.Conventia asupra cet\u0103\u0163eniei femeii c\u0103s\u0103torite, adoptat\u0103 \u00een 1957 sub egida O.N.U. , prevede c\u0103 \u00eencheierea sau fdesfacerea c\u0103s\u0103toriei, precum \u015fi schimbarea cet\u0103\u0163eniei so\u0163ului \u00een timpul c\u0103s\u0103toriei nu produc efecte asupra cet\u0103\u0163eniei femeii.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            b) Prin \u00eenfiere ( adop\u0163ie) copilul poate c\u0103p\u0103ta cet\u0103\u0163enia \u00eenfietorului, dac\u0103 nu a avut a alt\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enie sau a avut cet\u0103\u0163enia unui stat str\u0103in.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen caz de conflict \u00eentre legea statului celui infiat \u015fi legea statului \u00eenfietorului, copilul \u00eenfiat dob\u00e2nde\u015fte de regul\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enia statului pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia se afl\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Potrivit legisla\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne \u00een cazul \u00een care unul dintre \u00eenfietori este cet\u0103\u0163ean rom\u00e2n cet\u0103\u0163enia \u00eenfiatului minor se hot\u0103r\u0103\u015fte de comun acord de c\u0103tre \u00eenfietori, iar \u00een lipsa unui asemenea acord instan\u0163a care are competen\u0163a s\u0103 aprobe \u00eenfierea \u00eenfierea va decide asupra cet\u0103\u0163eniei minorului  \u0163in\u00e2nd seama de interesele acestuia.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            c) Prin redob\u00e2ndire sau reintegrare.Se poate reveni la vechea cet\u0103\u0163enie dac\u0103 fostul cet\u0103\u0163ean se repatriaz\u0103 ori dac\u0103 o femeie m\u0103ritat\u0103 \u015fi-a pierdut cet\u0103\u0163enia ob\u0163inut\u0103 prin c\u0103s\u0103toria cu un str\u0103in, iar ulterior divor\u0163eaz\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            d) Ca efect al sederii prelungite (reziden\u0163ei) pe teritoriul unui alt stat dec\u00e2t cel de origine, legisla\u0163ia unor state prev\u0103z\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 posibilitate (S.U.A., Canada, Germania).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            e) Prin op\u0163iune. \u00cen cazul transferului unui teritoriu de la un  stat la altul de regul\u0103 persoanele care locuiesc \u00een teritoriul transferat au dreptul de a opta \u00eenttre a-\u015fi men\u0163ine cet\u0103\u0163enia \u015fi a ob\u0163ine cet\u0103\u0163enia noului stat.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Pierderea cet\u0103\u0163eniei<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cet\u0103\u0163enia se poate pierde ca efect al renun\u0163\u0103rii sau prin retragerea acesteia.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Renun\u0163area la cet\u0103\u0163enie este un act individual al cet\u0103\u0163eanului, exprim\u00e2nd op\u0163iunea acestuia.De regul\u0103 se face de c\u0103tre persoanele interesate \u00een dob\u00e2ndirea cet\u0103\u0163eniei altui stat care nu permite dubla cet\u0103\u0163enie.Are un efect strict personal, neprivind \u015fi pe membrii familiei.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Retragerea cet\u0103\u0163eniei<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Se face \u00een mod excep\u0163ional, av\u00e2nd caracterul unei sans\u0163iuni.O asemenea m\u0103sur\u0103 se ia \u00eempotrive unui cet\u0103tean cu domiciliul \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate care a avut o conduit\u0103 neloial\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de statul de origine \u00eempotriva c\u0103ruia a s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit fapte grave, precum \u015fi \u00een cazul \u00een care  cet\u0103\u0163enia a fost ob\u0163inut\u0103 \u00een mod fraudulos.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Retragerea cet\u0103\u0163eniei  se face \u00een baza legisla\u0163iei interne, de regul\u0103 printr-o hot\u0103r\u00e2re judec\u0103toreasc\u0103, sau, \u00een unele \u0163\u0103ri, prin actul unei autorit\u0103\u0163i executive.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Retragerea cet\u0103\u0163eniei se poate face numai pentru persoanele care au dob\u00e2ndit aceast\u0103 calitate prin naturalizare, nu \u015fi pentru cele care au dab\u00e2ndit cet\u0103\u0163enia prin na\u015ftere.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dubla cet\u0103\u0163enie (bipatridia)<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Este situa\u0163ia juridic\u0103 a unei persoane care are concomitent cet\u0103\u0163enia a dou\u0103 (sau mai multe) state.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dubla cet\u0103\u0163enie constituie o excep\u0163ie de la regimul normal al cet\u0103\u0163eniei \u015fi poate ap\u0103rea ca urmare a reglement\u0103rilor diferite din legisla\u0163ia unor \u0163\u0103ri cu privire la modul de dob\u00e2ndire sau de pierdere a cet\u0103\u0163eniei.Din conflictul pozitiv  de reglementare un cet\u0103\u0163ean poate dob\u00e2ndi independent de voin\u0163a sa o alt\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enie f\u0103r\u0103 a o pierde pe cea anterioar\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Dubla cet\u0103\u0163enie poate ap\u0103rea mai frecvent \u00een situa\u0163ii cum sunt: un copil n\u0103scut pe teritoriul unui stat care aplic\u0103 principiul teritorial ( lex loci) , din p\u0103rin\u0163i cet\u0103\u0163eni ai unui stat care aplic\u0103 principiul jus sanguinis; \u00een caz de \u00eenfiere de c\u0103tre un str\u0103in, dac\u0103 statul al c\u0103rui cet\u0103tean este copilul \u00eenfiat nu consimte la renun\u0163area la cet\u0103\u0163enie, iar statul \u00eenfietorului \u00eei acord\u0103 copilului cet\u0103\u0163enia sa; \u00een cazul c\u0103s\u0103toriei cu un str\u0103in, dac\u0103 dup\u0103 legisla\u0163ia \u0163\u0103rii sale femeia nu-\u015fi pierde cet\u0103\u0163enia prin c\u0103s\u0103torie, iar potrivit legisla\u0163iei statului al c\u0103rui cet\u0103\u0163ean este so\u0163ul, si\u0163ia dob\u00e2nde\u015fte automat cet\u0103\u0163enia acestuia;\u00een cazul \u00een care o persoan\u0103 dob\u00e2nde\u015fte cet\u0103\u0163enia altui stat f\u0103r\u0103 a fi renun\u0163at la cet\u0103\u0163enia originar\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Bipatridia este o situa\u0163ie juridic\u0103 \u00een principiu favorabil\u0103 bipatridului, dar \u00een anumite situa\u0163ii poate duce la complica\u0163ii \u00een statutul juridic al persoanei bipatride, precum \u015fi la unele conflicte de interese \u00eentre statele al c\u0103ror cet\u0103\u0163ean este.Asemenea complica\u0163ii pot ap\u0103rea, de exemplu, c\u00e2nd cet\u0103\u0163eanul in cauz\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi schimb\u0103 domiciliul dintr-un stat \u00een altul at\u00e2t \u00een ce prive\u015fte drepturile, c\u00e2t \u015fi obliga\u0163iile acestuia, sau atunci c\u00e2nd se pune problema exercit\u0103rii protec\u0163iei diplomatice de c\u0103tre statele al c\u0103ror cet\u0103tean este.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Pentru evitarea unei asemenea  situa\u0163ii, pe plan interna\u0163ional s-a \u00eencercat \u00eencheierea unor conventii multilaterale, dar f\u0103r\u0103 rezultate notabile.S-au \u00eencheiat, \u00eens\u0103, numeroase conventii bilaterale pentru evitarea dublei cet\u0103\u0163enii, care stabilesc anumite criterii de op\u0163iune din partea persoanei bipatride.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, in practica interna\u0163ional\u0103 se contureaz\u0103 tot mai mult tendin\u0163a ca, dintre cele dou\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enii, s\u0103 fie favorizat\u0103 cea real\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Apatridia<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Este situa\u0163ia invers\u0103 bipatridiei, c\u00e2nd anumite persoane nu au nici o cet\u0103\u0163enie sau \u00ee\u015fi pierd cet\u0103\u0163enia f\u0103r\u0103 a deveni cet\u0103\u0163eni ai altui stat.Ea se poate datora, ca \u015fi \u00een cazul bipatridiei, diferen\u0163elor \u00een reglementarea dob\u00e2ndirii \u015fi pierderii cet\u0103\u0163eniei dintre legile \u00een materie din diferite state, dup\u0103 mecanisme similare cu cele care pot da na\u015ftere bipatridiei, dar care ac\u0163ionea\u0103 \u00een sens invers.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Termenul de apatrid desemneaz\u0103 o persoan\u0103 pe care nici un stat nu o consider\u0103 ca resortisant al s\u0103u prin aplicarea legisla\u0163iei proprii.Apatridia este o situa\u0163ie anormal\u0103 care apare ca urmare a unor conflicte negative de legi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen lipsa cet\u0103\u0163eniei, apatridul nu are obliga\u0163ii deriv\u00e2nd din acest statut fa\u0163\u0103 de vreun stat, dar \u00een acela\u015fi timp este lipsit de protec\u0163ia pe care statul o datoreaz\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enilor s\u0103i, precum \u015fi de unele drepturi, \u00eentre care cele politice sunt cele mai importante \u015fi nu are garan\u0163ia unui statut personal propriu, put\u00e2nd foarte u\u015for s\u0103 fie expulzat sau supus unor discrimin\u0103ri.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Desigur, ca membri ai societ\u0103\u0163ii civile, apatrizii nu pot fi lipsi\u0163i de anumite drepturi fundamentale ale omului \u015fi nici nu sunt scuti\u0163i de obliga\u0163ia de a respecta legile statului pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia \u00ee\u015fi au re\u015fedin\u0163a.\u00cen general , legisla\u0163ia statelor acord\u0103 apatrizilor un  regim asem\u0103n\u0103tor regimului str\u0103inilor, dar regimul lor juridic r\u0103m\u00e2ne unul precar.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Pentru \u00eenl\u0103turarea acestor inconveniente, pe planul legisla\u0163iei interne tendin\u0163a este de a li se acorda mai multe drepturi, iar \u00een rela\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale se tinde spre adoptarea unor m\u0103suri menite a elimina cazurile de apatridie.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Primele abord\u0103ri interna\u0163ionale \u00een materie dateaz\u0103 din perioada interbelic\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd fenomenul apatridiei a luat o asemenea amploare \u00eenc\u00e2t a dat na\u015ftere la situa\u0163ii de natur\u0103 a tulbura via\u0163a interna\u0163ional\u0103.                                                                                                                                                 Conventia adoptat\u0103 la Haga \u00een 1930 prevedea unele modalit\u0103\u0163i de pre\u00eent\u00e2mpinare a apari\u0163iei apatridiei, \u00een situa\u0163iile \u00een care persoana are cet\u0103\u0163enia unui stat dar, prin plecarea \u00een alt stat, prin \u00eenfiere, c\u0103s\u0103torie etc. risc\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi piard\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enia f\u0103r\u0103 a putea dob\u00e2ndi a alt\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enie.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Principalele reglement\u0103ri \u00een vigoare se afl\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 conven\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale \u00eencheiate la New York sub egida O.N.U. :\u201d Conven\u0163ia referioare la statutul apatrizilor\u201d din 1954 \u015fi \u201eConven\u0163ia pentru reducerea cazurilor de apatridie\u201d din 1961.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            De principiu, ambele conven\u0163ii recunosc dreptul oric\u0103rei persoane de a avea o cet\u0103\u0163enie \u015fi cuprind angajamentul statelor- p\u0103r\u0163i de a nu retrage nici unei persoane cet\u0103\u0163enia dac\u0103 prin aceasta i s-ar crea situa\u0163ia de apatrid \u015fi de a acorda cet\u0103\u0163enia lor copiilor n\u0103scu\u0163i pe propriul teritoriu din p\u0103rin\u0163i apatrizi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statutul apatridului, potrivit Conventiei din 1954, cuprinde \u00een principal urm\u0103toarele reguli:<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            -fiecare apatrid are obliga\u0163ii fa\u0163\u0103 de \u0163ara \u00een care se g\u0103se\u015fte, fiind \u0163inut s\u0103 respecte legile acestuia \u015fi m\u0103surile viz\u00e2nd men\u0163inerea ordinii publice;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            -statele trebuie s\u0103 aplice acela\u015fi regim tuturor apatrizilor, f\u0103r\u0103 discrimin\u0103ri privind rasa, religia sau \u0163ara de origine;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            -apatrizii trebuie s\u0103 se bucure de acela\u015fi regim ca \u015fi proprii cet\u0103\u0163eni cu privire la libertatea religioas\u0103 \u015fi educa\u0163ia religioas\u0103 a copiilor lor;<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            -apatrizilor trebuie s\u0103 li se acorde regimul aplicat de \u0163ara respectiv\u0103 str\u0103inilor.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Conven\u0163ia privind reducerea cazurilor de apatridie din 1961 vizeaz\u0103 aplicarea de c\u0103tre state \u00een acest scop a urm\u0103toarelor principii: un copil din p\u0103rin\u0163i f\u0103r\u0103  cet\u0103\u0163enie trebuie s\u0103 dob\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 cet\u0103\u0163enia statului pe teritoriul c\u0103ruia s-a n\u0103scut; un copil n\u0103scut  din p\u0103rin\u0163i necunoscu\u0163i \u015fi al c\u0103rui loc de na\u015ftere nu se cunoa\u015fte  se consider\u0103 n\u0103scut pe teritoriul statului \u00een care a fost g\u0103sit: pierderea sub orice form\u0103 a cet\u0103\u0163eniei nu poate avea efecte dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 persoana \u00een cauz\u0103 dob\u00e2nde\u015fte cet\u0103\u0163enia altui stat;orice tratat \u00een baza c\u0103ruia are loc un transfer de teritorii trebuie s\u0103 reglementeze cet\u0103\u0163enia locuitorilor de pe teritoriul transferat.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet\u0103\u0163enia  este definit\u0103 ca leg\u0103tura politic\u0103 \u015fi juridic\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103 dintre o persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 \u015fi un anumit stat, care genereaz\u0103 drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii pentru cet\u0103\u0163ean \u015fi statul respectiv. Ea exprim\u0103 apartenen\u0163a persoanei la statul respectiv, caracterizeaz\u0103 prin plenitudinea drepturilor \u015fi obliga\u0163iilor reciproce prev\u0103zute de constitu\u0163ie \u015fi legi. Este un raport juridic indisolubil legat de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet\u0103\u0163enia  este definit\u0103 ca leg\u0103tura politic\u0103 \u015fi juridic\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103 dintre o persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 \u015fi un anumit stat, care genereaz\u0103 drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii pentru cet\u0103\u0163ean \u015fi statul respectiv. Ea exprim\u0103 apartenen\u0163a persoanei la statul respectiv, caracterizeaz\u0103 prin plenitudinea drepturilor \u015fi obliga\u0163iilor reciproce prev\u0103zute de constitu\u0163ie \u015fi legi. Este un raport juridic indisolubil legat de […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-02-15T13:17:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-25T09:53:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/\",\"name\":\"Cet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-02-15T13:17:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-25T09:53:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cet\u0103\u0163enia.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"description\":\"Internships\/ Scholarships\/ Grants\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\",\"name\":\"eurointern\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eurointern\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/rubyskynews.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","og_description":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia  este definit\u0103 ca leg\u0103tura politic\u0103 \u015fi juridic\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103 dintre o persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 \u015fi un anumit stat, care genereaz\u0103 drepturi \u015fi obliga\u0163ii pentru cet\u0103\u0163ean \u015fi statul respectiv. Ea exprim\u0103 apartenen\u0163a persoanei la statul respectiv, caracterizeaz\u0103 prin plenitudinea drepturilor \u015fi obliga\u0163iilor reciproce prev\u0103zute de constitu\u0163ie \u015fi legi. Este un raport juridic indisolubil legat de […]","og_url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/","og_site_name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","article_published_time":"2011-02-15T13:17:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-25T09:53:59+00:00","author":"eurointern","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eurointern","Est. reading time":"16 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/","name":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-02-15T13:17:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-25T09:53:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/cetatenia-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cet\u0103\u0163enia."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/","name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","description":"Internships\/ Scholarships\/ Grants","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d","name":"eurointern","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eurointern"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/rubyskynews.com"],"url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29145\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}