{"id":29135,"date":"2011-02-15T13:22:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-15T13:22:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:53:55","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:53:55","slug":"tipuri-de-state-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/tipuri-de-state-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipuri de State."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nStatele pot fi din punct de vedere al organiz\u0103rii lor fie unitare, fie compuse.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            a) Statele unitare se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin existen\u0163a unui singur sistem de organe ale puterii, administra\u0163iei \u015fi justi\u0163iei.De\u015fi este \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it \u00een unit\u0103\u0163i teritoriale, pentru nevoi de administrare, statul unitar se prezint\u0103 ca un tot, pe plan intern \u015fi extern nici una  din unit\u0103\u0163ile sale teritoriale neav\u00e2nd atribu\u0163ii paralele, concurente sau exclusive \u00een raport de organele centrale.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Existen\u0163a unui anumit grad de autonomie administrativ\u0103 local\u0103 a autorit\u0103\u0163ilor teritoriale, \u00een cadrul descentraliz\u0103rii administrative locale, nu afecteaz\u0103 caracterul unitar al unui stat.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Rom\u00e2nia este un stat unitar, ca \u015fi majoritatea statelor lumii.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            b) Statele compuse<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Sunt forme de asociere a dou\u0103 sau mai multe state.Prin structura lor complex\u0103 ele pun probleme speciale \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu calitatea de subiect de drept interna\u0163ional \u015fi au cunoscut de-a lungul istoriei forme diferite.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Uniunea personal\u0103 reprezint\u0103 asocierea a dou\u0103 state suverane care r\u0103m\u00e2neau complet autonome, dar erau conduse de un singur monarh, ca urmare a succesiunii la tron, a unor alian\u0163e matrimoniale, sau a unor aranjamente speciale.Fiecare stat membru al uniunii \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103stra sistemul propriu de organe interne, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd subiect distinct de drept interna\u0163ional, av\u00e2nd reprezentan\u0163e proprii, \u00eencheind tratate interna\u0163ionale etc, chiar dac\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een frunte un \u015fef de stat unic, duceau de regul\u0103 o politic\u0103 extern\u0103 comun\u0103.Exemple: Polonia \u015fi Lituania (1386-1569), Olanda \u015fi Luxemburgul \u00eentre 1815-1890, Muntenia \u015fi Moldova ca Principatele Unite \u00een perioada 1859-1861, precum \u015fi majoritatea monarhiilor europene in diferite perioade ale Evului Mediu, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een epoca modern\u0103.<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n            Uniunea real\u0103 este o asocia\u0163ie a dou\u0103 state care au \u00een frunte acela\u015fi monarh, dar \u015fi organe comune de reprezentare \u00een rela\u0163iile cu alte state.Uneori ele pot evea organe comune \u00een domeniul ap\u0103r\u0103rii sau cel al finan\u0163elor.Din punct de vedere constitu\u0163ional, legislativ \u015fi administrativ statele componente se prezint\u0103 ca entit\u0103\u0163i distincte , iar \u00een raporturile dintre ele sunt bazate pe dreptul interna\u0163ional, de\u015fi impreun\u0103 formeaz\u0103 \u00een raporturile cu alte state un singur subiect de drept.Exemple: Austria \u015fi Ungaria \u00eentre 1867-1918, Danemarca \u015fi Islanda (1918-1944), Muntenia \u015fi Moldova (1861-1862).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Confedera\u0163ia este o uniune de state independente, care \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 at\u00e2t suveranitatea intern\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi cea extern\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Confedera\u0163ia se stabile\u015fte printr-un tratat \u00eentre statele componente, are un organ comun sub forma unei adun\u0103ri deliberative, iar puterile conferite confedera\u0163iei se limiteaz\u0103 numai la statele componente, nu \u015fi la cet\u0103\u0163enii lor.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            De\u015fi nu constituie un stat, confedera\u0163ia are ea \u00eens\u0103\u015fi calitatea de subiect distinct de drept interna\u0163ional.Organul comun al confedera\u0163iei a fost \u00een general \u00eemputernicit s\u0103 \u00eencheie tratate \u015fi s\u0103 aib\u0103 dreptul de a trimite \u015fi a primi reprezentan\u0163i diplomatici.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Cele mai importante confedera\u0163ii cunoscute \u2013 S.U.A.(1778-1787), Confedera\u0163ia germanic\u0103 (1815-1866) \u015fi Confedera\u0163ia elve\u0163ian\u0103 (1291-1793 \u015fi 1815-1898) s-au transformat ulterior \u00een state suverane.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Federa\u0163ia este o uniune de state \u00een care fiecare membru \u00ee\u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 o anumit\u0103 organizare proprie, dar exist\u0103 organe comune permanente cu caracter legislativ, administrativ \u015fi judiciar, competente pe \u00eentreg teritoriul \u0163\u0103rii \u015fi asupra tuturor cet\u0103\u0163enilor.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Federa\u0163ia constituie subiect unic de drept interna\u0163ional, particip\u00e2nd \u00een cadrul rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale \u00een nume propriu, statele membre put\u00e2nd avea \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi ele, \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 limitat\u0103, aceste drepturi.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Exemple de state federale: S.U.A., Canada, Argentina, Germania, Austria, Elve\u0163ia, Iugoslavia, iar p\u00e2n\u0103 nu demult U.R.S.S. \u015fi Cehoslovacia.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Asocia\u0163iile de state au reprezentat rezultatul unei evolu\u0163ii spre desprinderea statelor din imperiile coloniale, \u00een virtutea c\u0103rora se men\u0163ineau unele leg\u0103turi \u00eentre statul metropol\u0103 \u015fi fostele state coloniale.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Tipice \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u0163\u0103 sunt Commonwealthul, constituit\u0103 de Anglia \u015fi fostele ei colonii, care a evoluat de la Comunitatea britanic\u0103 de na\u0163iuni (1776-1949) la Comunitatea de na\u0163iuni, care d\u0103inuie \u015fi ast\u0103zi, \u015fi Uniunea francez\u0103 (1946-1954).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statele dependente sunt rezultatul subjug\u0103rii statelor mai slabe de c\u0103tre statele puternice.Din punct de vedere al calit\u0103\u0163ii lor de subiect de drept interna\u0163ional ele sunt caracterizate ca state semisuverane sau ca state f\u0103r\u0103 suveranitate deplin\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Principalele forme sunt vasalitatea \u015fi protectoratul.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Vasalitatea reprezint\u0103 o form\u0103 de dependen\u0163\u0103 tipic\u0103 evului mediu, const\u00e2nd \u00een extinderea rela\u0163iilor nobiliare de la suzeran la vasal la raporturile dintre state. Aceste raporturi au evoluat de la dependen\u0163a deplin\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la o anumit\u0103 autonomie, pe plan interna\u0163ional statul vasal fiind reprezentat de statul suzeran.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Suzeranul \u00eencheia tratate care se aplicau \u015fi vasalului, acesta neav\u00e2nd calitatea de subiect de drept interna\u0163ional.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Statul vasal trebuia s\u0103-i pl\u0103teasc\u0103 statului suzeran o anumit\u0103 contribu\u0163ie \u00een bani sau bunuri, nu avea dreptul de a bate moned\u0103, era obligat s\u0103 participe la r\u0103zboi al\u0103turi de statul suzeran etc.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen prezent nu mai exist\u0103 state vasale.Au fost vasale unele state indiene fa\u0163\u0103 de Anglia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1947, dar tipic\u0103 este vasalitatea otoman\u0103 care s-a exercitat asupra mai multor state, \u00eentre care Egiptul, Serbia \u015fi Muntenegru, Bulgaria \u015fi, \u00een anumite perioade, \u0162\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            Protectoratul se deosebe\u015fte de vasalitate prin aceea c\u0103 statul protejat tranfer\u0103 \u00een baza unui tratat statului protector conducerea rela\u0163iilor sale externe.Statul protector este abilitat s\u0103 reprezinte statul protejat \u00een rela\u0163iile externe, \u00eencheia \u00een numele lui tratate, primea \u015fi acredita reprezentan\u0163i diplomatici, stabilind un control strict asupra politicii sale externe.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            A fost \u00eendeosebi o form\u0103 de dependen\u0163\u0103 cu caracter colonial (Fran\u0163a-Maroc \u015fi Tunis;Anglia-Aden \u015fi Tunis etc.).\u00centr-o situa\u0163ie similar\u0103 s-au aflat teritoriile sub mandat \u015fi sub tutel\u0103, devenite ast\u0103zi independente.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n            \u00cen prezent exist\u0103 unele forme de protectorat asupra unor state mici: al Fran\u0163ei asupra Statului Monaco;al Elve\u0163iei asupra Lichtensteinului \u015fi al Italiei asupra Statului San Marino.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Statele pot fi din punct de vedere al organiz\u0103rii lor fie unitare, fie compuse.             a) Statele unitare se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin existen\u0163a unui singur sistem de organe ale puterii, administra\u0163iei \u015fi justi\u0163iei.De\u015fi este \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it \u00een unit\u0103\u0163i teritoriale, pentru nevoi de administrare, statul unitar se prezint\u0103 ca un tot, pe plan intern \u015fi extern nici una  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nTipuri de State. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/15\/tipuri-de-state-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tipuri de State. - 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