{"id":28615,"date":"2011-02-19T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-19T12:49:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:51:49","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:51:49","slug":"necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\">Politica de securitate  european\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103, dup\u0103 anii \u201990, in cadrul Uniunii Europei  Occidentale (UEO), NATO \u015fi UE, atunci cand UEO adopt\u0103 misiunile de tip  \u201cPetersberg\u201d, in scopul gestion\u0103rii unor eventuale destabiliz\u0103ri in  Europa de Est. Acest tip de misiuni le includ pe cele umanitare \u015fi de  salvare, de men\u0163inere a p\u0103cii \u015fi cele ale for\u0163elor combatante in  gestionarea crizelor, inclusiv impunerea p\u0103cii. La Summit-ul NATO de la  Berlin (1996) s-a decis crearea unei Identit\u0103\u0163i Europene de Securitate  \u015fi Ap\u0103rare, un \u201cstalp\u201d european in cadrul NATO, ce permitea \u0163\u0103rilor  europene s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze militar acolo unde NATO ar fi fost limitat\u0103.  Pentru aceasta, UE avea posibilitatea de a utiliza capabilit\u0103\u0163ile  militare ale NATO (Acordul Berlin-plus). Mai mult, prin Tratatul de la  Maastricht (1992)7 se pun bazele Politicii Externe \u015fi de Securitate  Comune (PESC), baze <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a>aprofundate, in 1999, prin  Tratatul de la Amsterdam. Obiectivele comune ale PESC int\u0103reau dorin\u0163a  \u015fi voin\u0163a UE de a: ap\u0103ra interesele fundamentale \u015fi independen\u0163a  Uniunii; int\u0103ri securitatea Uniunii; p\u0103stra pacea \u015fi int\u0103ri securitatea  interna\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi, nu in ultimul rand, consolida democra\u0163ia, domnia  legii \u015fi respectarea drepturilor omului. Procesul decizional in cadrul  PESC era astfel imbun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it, furnizandu-se strategii comune in domenii  unde statele membre aveau interese majore. Semnarea Tratatului de la  Maastricht a dus la crearea unei for\u0163e armate comune, prin semnalul dat  de Germania \u015fi Fran\u0163a, care infiin\u0163au EUROCORPS, considerat un prim pas  spre edificarea unei ap\u0103r\u0103ri europene autonome. Tratatul de la Amsterdam  a produs schimb\u0103ri pragmatice, prin crearea unei Celule de planificare  \u015fi analiz\u0103 politic\u0103, infiin\u0163area pozi\u0163iei de Inalt Reprezentant pentru  PESC \u015fi acordul pentru implementarea m\u0103surilor \u015fi extinderea cooper\u0103rii  intre UE \u015fi UEO in domeniul managementului crizelor. S-a considerat c\u0103  aceste m\u0103suri restrang aria PESC de r\u0103spuns la crize, preferandu-se  disocierea diploma\u0163iei de aspectele pur militare. In septembrie 2001,  Parlamentul european a elaborat o rezolu\u0163ie ce prevedea stabilirea unei  politici europene comune in materie de securitate \u015fi de ap\u0103rare, care  includea \u015fi misiunile de tip \u201cPetersberg\u201d. S-a manifestat, ins\u0103,  tendin\u0163a de estompare a distinc\u0163iei dintre securitate \u015fi ap\u0103rare, prin  reafirmarea conceptului de ap\u0103rare, in sensul ap\u0103r\u0103rii teritoriale,  eliminandu-se, in acest fel, orice interpretare in sensul unei eventuale  concuren\u0163e cu NATO, care r\u0103mane, dup\u0103 cum am afirmat mai sus,  fundamentul ap\u0103r\u0103rii colective. In asemenea condi\u0163ii, s-a sim\u0163it nevoia  implement\u0103rii unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare (PESA)  comune, care s\u0103 permit\u0103 UE s\u0103 se afirme ca actor major in politica  interna\u0163ional\u0103. In acest sens, unele state membre au luat m\u0103suri de  restructurare a for\u0163elor armate \u015fi de inzestrare cu echipamente  adecvate, chiar comune, in perspectiva infiin\u0163\u0103rii unei For\u0163e de Reac\u0163ie  Rapid\u0103 european\u0103, a\u015fa cum s-a hot\u0103rat in cadrul consiliilor europene de  la Cologne \u015fi Helsinki. Conferin\u0163a asupra angaj\u0103rii capacit\u0103\u0163ilor din  anul 2000 constituie prima etap\u0103 concret\u0103 in acest sens. Aici se afirm\u0103  faptul c\u0103 o politic\u0103 european\u0103 comun\u0103 in materie de securitate \u015fi  ap\u0103rare nu constituie un scop in sine, ci un instrument de politic\u0103  extern\u0103 al UE. Astfel, eventualele crize trebuie solu\u0163ionate in primul  rand prin mijloace civile, f\u0103r\u0103 a se exclude, ins\u0103, utilizarea for\u0163ei  armate, atunci cand mijloacele diplomatice \u015fi-au atins limitele. Apelul  la instrumentul militar trebuie s\u0103 se fac\u0103 in acord cu principiile  fondatoare ale UE \u015fi cu constitu\u0163iile statelor membre, precum \u015fi cu  principiile Cartei ONU sau ale OSCE. Mai mult, in conformitate cu  dreptul interna\u0163ional, utilizarea for\u0163ei armate necesit\u0103 un mandat  ad-hoc al Consiliului de Securitate al ONU. In cazul absen\u0163ei  mandatului, posibil din cauza unui blocaj in cadrul Consiliului de  Securitate, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 Uniunea European\u0103 nu poate interveni  militar, cu excep\u0163ia unor cazuri de urgen\u0163\u0103, la apelul expres al  secretarului general al Na\u0163iunilor Unite.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Politica de securitate european\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103, dup\u0103 anii \u201990, in cadrul Uniunii Europei Occidentale (UEO), NATO \u015fi UE, atunci cand UEO adopt\u0103 misiunile de tip \u201cPetersberg\u201d, in scopul gestion\u0103rii unor eventuale destabiliz\u0103ri in Europa de Est. Acest tip de misiuni le includ pe cele umanitare \u015fi de salvare, de men\u0163inere a p\u0103cii \u015fi cele [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Politica de securitate european\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103, dup\u0103 anii \u201990, in cadrul Uniunii Europei Occidentale (UEO), NATO \u015fi UE, atunci cand UEO adopt\u0103 misiunile de tip \u201cPetersberg\u201d, in scopul gestion\u0103rii unor eventuale destabiliz\u0103ri in Europa de Est. Acest tip de misiuni le includ pe cele umanitare \u015fi de salvare, de men\u0163inere a p\u0103cii \u015fi cele [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-02-19T12:49:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-25T09:51:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/\",\"name\":\"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-02-19T12:49:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-25T09:51:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"description\":\"Internships\/ Scholarships\/  Grants\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\",\"name\":\"eurointern\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eurointern\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/rubyskynews.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","og_description":"Politica de securitate european\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103, dup\u0103 anii \u201990, in cadrul Uniunii Europei Occidentale (UEO), NATO \u015fi UE, atunci cand UEO adopt\u0103 misiunile de tip \u201cPetersberg\u201d, in scopul gestion\u0103rii unor eventuale destabiliz\u0103ri in Europa de Est. Acest tip de misiuni le includ pe cele umanitare \u015fi de salvare, de men\u0163inere a p\u0103cii \u015fi cele [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/","og_site_name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","article_published_time":"2011-02-19T12:49:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-25T09:51:49+00:00","author":"eurointern","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eurointern","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/","name":"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-02-19T12:49:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-25T09:51:49+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/19\/necesitatea-unei-politici-europene-de-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Necesitatea unei Politici Europene de Securitate \u015fi Ap\u0103rare."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/","name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","description":"Internships\/ Scholarships\/  Grants","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d","name":"eurointern","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eurointern"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/rubyskynews.com"],"url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28615"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28615\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}