{"id":28237,"date":"2011-02-23T12:02:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-23T12:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:50:02","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:50:02","slug":"alexandru-al-ii-lea-si-abolirea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/alexandru-al-ii-lea-si-abolirea\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandru al II-lea \u015fi abolirea iob\u0103giei."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Un an mai \u00eenaintea mor\u0163ii \u0163arului Nicolae I, Rusia a fost implicat\u0103 \u00een <span style=\"color: black;\">r\u0103zboiul Crimeii<\/span>.  De c\u00e2nd jucase rolul hot\u0103r\u00e2tor \u00een \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea armatelor lui Napoleon,  Rusia fusese privit\u0103 ca av\u00e2nd o armat\u0103 invincibil\u0103, lucru care s-a  dovedit eronat \u00een timpul conflictului din <span style=\"color: black;\">peninsula Crimeea<\/span>.  \u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea ru\u015filor \u00een timpul acestui r\u0103zboi a pus \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 foarte  clar sl\u0103biciunile Imperiului \u0162arist. C\u00e2nd pe tronul imperiului s-a urcat  \u00een <span style=\"color: black;\">1855<\/span> <span style=\"color: black;\">Alexandru al II-lea<\/span>, dorin\u0163a de reforme era general\u0103. Mi\u015fcarea umanist\u0103 ruseasc\u0103, care era legat\u0103 moral \u015fi ideologic de <span style=\"color: black;\">aboli\u0163ionismul<\/span> din <span style=\"color: black;\">Statele Unite ale Americii<\/span> de dinaintea <span style=\"color: black;\">r\u0103zboiului civil american<\/span>, ataca \u00een mod public iob\u0103gia. \u00cen <span style=\"color: black;\">1859<\/span>, \u00een Imperiul Rus tr\u0103iau 23.000.000 de iobagi, deseori \u00een condi\u0163ii mai grele dec\u00e2t \u015ferbii vest-europeni de pe <span style=\"color: black;\">feudele<\/span> din secolul al XVI-lea. \u0162arul a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 aboleasc\u0103 iob\u0103gia printr-o<a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a> mi\u015fcare de sus \u00een jos, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 a\u015ftepte desfiintarea \u015ferbiei de jos \u00een sus prin revolu\u0163ie. <span style=\"color: black;\">Emanciparea iobagilor<\/span> \u00een <span style=\"color: black;\">1861<\/span>  a fost singurul eveniment important din istoria Rusiei \u00een secolul al  XIX-lea. A fost \u00eenceputul sf\u00e2r\u015fitului monopolului puterii aristocra\u0163iei  funciare. Emanciparea \u0163aranilor a eliberat for\u0163a de munc\u0103 a \u0163\u0103ranilor,  care aveau astfel posibilitatea s\u0103 aleag\u0103 liber munca \u00een \u00eentreprinderile  industriale de la ora\u015fe, a dat un imbold important economiei \u00een general  \u015fi industriei \u00een particular \u015fi a f\u0103cut s\u0103 creasc\u0103 num\u0103rul celor care  f\u0103ceau parte din a\u015fa zis\u0103 clas\u0103 de mijloc. Totu\u015fi, \u0163\u0103ranii nu au primit  \u00een mod gratuit p\u0103m\u00e2nturile pe care le lucraser\u0103, ci au pl\u0103tit taxe c\u0103tre  stat pentru toat\u0103 durata vie\u0163ii lor, bani din care guvernul i-a  r\u0103spl\u0103tit generos pe mo\u015fierii care-\u015fi pierduser\u0103 propriet\u0103\u0163ile. \u00cen multe  situa\u0163ii, \u0163\u0103ranii au c\u0103p\u0103tat terenurile mai pu\u0163in fertile. Toate  p\u0103m\u00e2nturile oferite \u0163\u0103ranilor au devenit proprietatea ob\u015ftilor s\u0103te\u015fti,  care a a vegheat la \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea echitabil\u0103 a propriet\u0103\u0163ii \u00eentre membrii  comunit\u0103\u0163ilor rurale. De\u015fi iob\u0103gia a fost desfiin\u0163at\u0103, tensiunile  revolu\u0163ionare nu au sc\u0103zut, \u00een ciuda bunelor inten\u0163ii ale \u0163arului.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul <span style=\"color: black;\">deceniului al optulea al secolului al XIX-lea<\/span>, Rusia \u015fi Imperiul Otoman s-au \u00eenfruntat \u00een <span style=\"color: black;\">Balcani<\/span>. Din <span style=\"color: black;\">1875<\/span> p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een <span style=\"color: black;\">1877<\/span>,  criza balcanic\u0103 s-a acutizat prin izbucnirea revoltelor antiotomane \u00een  diversele na\u0163iuni slave din zon\u0103, rebeliuni ap\u0103rate de Rusia \u015fi  \u00een\u0103bu\u015fite cu duritate de Imperiul Otoman. Na\u0163ionalismul rusesc a devenit  un factor hot\u0103r\u00e2tor pentru sprijinirea luptei de eliberare na\u0163ional\u0103 a  balcanicilor cre\u015ftini-ortodoc\u015fi de sub jugul otoman, Bulgaria \u015fi Serbia  ajung\u00e2nd s\u0103 se bucure de un statut de protectorate ale Rusiei. \u00cen 1877,  Rusia a intrat \u00een r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva Imperiului Otoman. \u00cen aproape un an,  turcii au fost nevoi\u0163i s\u0103 cear\u0103 pacea. Diploma\u0163ii \u015fi generalii  na\u0163ionali\u015fti ru\u015fi au reu\u015fit s\u0103-l conving\u0103 pe Alexandru al II-lea s\u0103-i  oblibe pe otomani s\u0103 semneze \u00een martie 1878 <span style=\"color: black;\">Tratatul de la San Stefano<\/span>.  Conform prevederilor acestui acord, Bulgaria devenea independent\u0103 \u015fi  c\u0103p\u0103ta un teritoriu vast \u00een sud-vestul balcanilor. C\u00e2nd Marea Britanie  \u015fi-a manifestat \u00een mod agresiv dezacordul fa\u0163\u0103 de prevederile p\u0103cii care  tocmai fusese \u00eencheiat\u0103, amenint\u00e2nd cu declararea r\u0103zboiului, Rusia  sleit\u0103 de lupte a fost nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 cedeze preten\u0163iilor englezilor. La <span style=\"color: black;\">Congresul de la Berlin<\/span>  din iulie 1878, Rusia a fost de acord cu restr\u00e2ngerea teritoriilor  atribuite Bulgariei independente. Rezultatul a fost acutizarea  sentimentelor antigermane \u015fi antiaustriece ale na\u0163ionali\u015ftilor ru\u015fi,  resentimente care aveau s\u0103 joace un rol important \u00een declan\u015farea <span style=\"color: black;\">primului r\u0103zboi mondial<\/span>. Dezam\u0103girile datorate r\u0103zboiului au fost de asemenea un catalizator al tensiunilor revolu\u0163ionare din Rusia.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un an mai \u00eenaintea mor\u0163ii \u0163arului Nicolae I, Rusia a fost implicat\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul Crimeii. De c\u00e2nd jucase rolul hot\u0103r\u00e2tor \u00een \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea armatelor lui Napoleon, Rusia fusese privit\u0103 ca av\u00e2nd o armat\u0103 invincibil\u0103, lucru care s-a dovedit eronat \u00een timpul conflictului din peninsula Crimeea. \u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea ru\u015filor \u00een timpul acestui r\u0103zboi a pus \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 foarte [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alexandru al II-lea \u015fi abolirea iob\u0103giei. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/alexandru-al-ii-lea-si-abolirea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alexandru al II-lea \u015fi abolirea iob\u0103giei. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un an mai \u00eenaintea mor\u0163ii \u0163arului Nicolae I, Rusia a fost implicat\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul Crimeii. 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