{"id":28209,"date":"2011-02-23T12:20:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-23T12:20:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:49:56","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:49:56","slug":"marimile-medii-in-statistica-social","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/marimile-medii-in-statistica-social\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0103rimile medii \u00een statistica social-economic\u0103. Esen\u0163a \u015fi valoarea mediilor."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nLa analiza tr\u0103s\u0103turilor esen\u0163iale ale fenomenelor de mas\u0103 din punct de vedere statistic, stabilirea tendin\u0163elor \u015fi regularit\u0103\u0163ilor ce apar \u00een producerea lor necesit\u0103 calcularea anumitor valori tipice, care s\u0103 fie reprezentative pentru \u00eentreaga colectivitate studiat\u0103. Pentru a realiza \u00een statistic\u0103 determinarea valorilor tipice se folosesc \u00een principal m\u0103rimile medii. M\u0103rimile medii sunt utilizate ca instrumente principale de cunoa\u015ftere a fenomenelor de mas\u0103, deoarece numai pe baza lor se poate exprima ceea ce este comun \u015fi general la manifestarea acestor fenomene \u00een fiecare etap\u0103 dat\u0103. M\u0103rimile medii, f\u0103c\u00e2nd parte din cadrul indicatorilor deriva\u0163i, se prezint\u0103 ca m\u0103rimi cu caracter abstract, chiar dac\u0103 se exprim\u0103 \u00een unit\u0103\u0163i concrete de m\u0103sur\u0103. De exemplu, retribu\u0163ia medie lunar\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u00eentreprindere a fost de 22.500 lei. M\u0103rimea aceasta exact\u0103 poate s\u0103 nu fi fost \u00eencasat\u0103 de nici un muncitor din \u00eentreprindere, dar ea se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00eentre valorile retribu\u0163iilor individuale din care s-a calculat media.<\/a> <\/div>\n

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\nAnume datorit\u0103 folosirii valorilor medii, statistica, oper\u00e2nd cu date de mas\u0103, cap\u0103t\u0103 posibilitatea de a trece de la singular la general, de la aleatoriu la legic. F\u0103r\u0103 indicatorii ce reflect\u0103 nivelurile obiective atinse \u00een mod real, este imposibil\u0103 compararea caracteristicii cercetate referitoare la diferite colectivit\u0103\u0163i, la fel ca \u015fi caracterizarea schimb\u0103rii indicatorului variabil \u00een timp \u015f.a. <\/div>\n

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\nValorile medii sunt valori abstracte, \u00eentruc\u00e2t nu substituie valorile individuale concrete, \u00eens\u0103 anume aceast\u0103 abstrac\u0163ie, \u00een capacitatea de a se abstrage de la caracterul aleatoriu al unor valori medii \u00een calitate de caracteristici generalizatoare ale colectivit\u0103\u0163ii. C\u00e2nd este vorba despre a\u015fa indicatori ca productivitatea muncii, pre\u0163ul de cost, venitul real, consumul produselor alimentare \u015fi m\u0103rfurilor industriale \u015f.a. ne d\u0103m bine seama c\u0103 este vorba de indicatori medii, care reflect\u0103 tipicul, legicul, generalul. <\/div>\n

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\n\u00cen cazurile c\u00e2nd \u00een interiorul colectivit\u0103\u0163ii exist\u0103 p\u0103r\u0163i \u015fi grupuri relativ omogene, este necesar de a se calcula valorile medii de grup. Valorile medii generale \u015fi de grup reflect\u0103 influen\u0163a, exercitat\u0103 de diferite condi\u0163ii: cea medie general\u0103 reflect\u0103 unele tr\u0103s\u0103turi generale ale fenomenului supus cercet\u0103rii, iar cea medie de grup – nivelul fenomenului \u00een condi\u0163ii cu mult mai concrete. Ca exemplu aici se poate de calculat venitul real la un locuitor din \u00eentreaga popula\u0163ie a unui stat (media general\u0103) \u015fi venitul real la un angajat din sfera industriala (medie de grup).<\/div>\n

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\n\u00cens\u0103, \u00een cazurile c\u00e2nd colectivitatea este eterogen\u0103 se calculeaz\u0103 numai mediile par\u0163iale, iar \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care media pe \u00eentregul ansamblu apare ca o sintez\u0103 a mediilor par\u0163iale, are sens economic \u015fi calculul mediei generale. De aici reiese c\u0103 metoda mediilor trebuie utilizat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu metoda grup\u0103rilor prin aplicarea c\u0103reia unit\u0103\u0163ile de la care s-au cules datele se separ\u0103 \u00een grupe omogene dup\u0103 varia\u0163ia uneia sau a mai multor caracteristici esen\u0163iale. <\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nSe poate de f\u0103cut aici urm\u0103torul rezumat. La aplicarea metodei mediilor este necesar s\u0103 se respecte unele condi\u0163ii \u015fi anume:<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\na) <\/span>calculul mediilor s\u0103 se bazeze pe folosirea unui num\u0103r mare de cazuri individuale diferite sub care s-a \u00eenregistrat caracteristica, a c\u0103ror varia\u0163ie este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare \u00een raport cu \u00eentreaga mas\u0103 de fenomene studiate;<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nb) <\/span>cuprinderea \u00een calculul mediei a cazurilor individuale care formeaz\u0103 colectivitatea sau grupele apar\u0163in\u00e2nd aceleia\u015fi esen\u0163e social-economice, pentru a putea asigura includerea tuturor factorilor esen\u0163iali \u015fi \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tori care determin\u0103 varia\u0163ia caracteristicilor \u015fi care s\u0103 permit\u0103 un c\u00e2mp larg de ac\u0163iune legii numerelor mari, \u00een vederea compens\u0103rii \u00eentr-un sens sau altul a abaterilor individuale de la tendin\u0163a lor central\u0103;<\/div>\n

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\nc) <\/span>asigurarea omogenit\u0103\u0163ii valorilor individuale pentru care se calculeaz\u0103 media prin analiza gradului \u015fi formei de distribu\u0163ie, realizat\u0103 prin interpretarea vizual\u0103 a seriei de distribu\u0163ie;<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nd) <\/span>alegerea formei de medie care corespunde cel mai bine formei de varia\u0163ie a caracteristicii studiate, pentru ca m\u0103rimea medie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un con\u0163inut obiectiv m\u0103sur\u00e2nd \u00een mod veridic fenomenele social-economice cercetate.<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La analiza tr\u0103s\u0103turilor esen\u0163iale ale fenomenelor de mas\u0103 din punct de vedere statistic, stabilirea tendin\u0163elor \u015fi regularit\u0103\u0163ilor ce apar \u00een producerea lor necesit\u0103 calcularea anumitor valori tipice, care s\u0103 fie reprezentative pentru \u00eentreaga colectivitate studiat\u0103. Pentru a realiza \u00een statistic\u0103 determinarea valorilor tipice se folosesc \u00een principal m\u0103rimile medii. M\u0103rimile medii sunt utilizate ca instrumente […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nM\u0103rimile medii \u00een statistica social-economic\u0103. 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