{"id":28197,"date":"2011-02-23T12:26:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-23T12:26:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:49:51","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:49:51","slug":"organizatia-tratatului-atlanticului-de","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/organizatia-tratatului-atlanticului-de\/","title":{"rendered":"Organiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nOrganiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord<span class=\"style23\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;\"> <\/span><\/span>  a fost format\u0103 ca o organiza\u0163ie regional\u0103 defensiv\u0103, conform  articolului 9 din Tratatul Atlanticului de Nord, semnat \u00een 1949 (4  aprilie). Statele ini\u0163iatoare \u015fi semnatare ale tratatului au fost:  Belgia, Marea Britanie, Canada, Danemarca, Fran\u0163a, Islanda, Italia,  Luxemburg, Olanda, Norvegia, Portugalia \u015fi Statele Unite ale Americii.  Grecia \u015fi Turcia au fost admise \u00een Alian\u0163\u0103 \u00een 1952, R.F. German\u0103 \u00een 1955  \u015fi Spania \u00een 1982. \u00cen 1990, noua Germanie unificat\u0103 a \u00eenlocuit R.F.  Germania \u00een cadrul NATO. Scopul declarat al NATO era \u00eent\u0103rirea  stabilit\u0103\u0163ii, bun\u0103st\u0103rii \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ii membrilor s\u0103i prin intermediul  unui sistem<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a> de securitate colectiv\u0103. NATO a  reprezentat organiza\u0163ia militar\u0103 occidental\u0103 format\u0103 pentru a st\u0103vili \u015fi  bloca orice tentativ\u0103 sovietic\u0103 de anexare a unor noi teritorii din  statele semnatare ale tratatului. Organiza\u0163ia a ap\u0103rut ca urmare a  \u00eengrijor\u0103rii multor dintre \u0163\u0103rile occidentale cu privire la metodele  folosite de c\u0103tre URSS \u00een politica sa extern\u0103. Impunerea unor regimuri  comuniste loiale prin for\u0163\u0103, sprijinirea activ\u0103 a r\u0103zboiului de gheril\u0103  din Grecia, precum \u015fi a curentelor de separatism regional din Iran au  fost interpretate de multe \u0163\u0103ri europene ca o serie de amenin\u0163\u0103ri la  adresa propriei securit\u0103\u0163i, put\u00eend da na\u015ftere la un al treilea r\u0103zboi  mondial. Mai mult, refuzul asisten\u0163ei economice americane de c\u0103tre  Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 precum \u015fi crearea ComInform \u00een 1947 au determinat  statele vest-europene s\u0103 semneze Tratatul de la Bruxelles, \u00een 1948.  Printre principalele obiective ale acestui tratat figura \u015fi asigurarea  unui sistem de securitate colectiv\u0103 pentru to\u0163i membrii semnatari.  Blocada Berlinului, \u00eenceput\u0103 \u00een martie 1948, a adus la masa negocierilor  \u0163\u0103rile Europei Occidentale, Canada \u015fi Statele Unite ale Americii, care  s-au finalizat cu adoptarea Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord. \u00cenc\u0103 de la  momentul conceperii Alian\u0163ei, structura militar\u0103 a organiza\u0163iei a fost  conceput\u0103 pentru a face fa\u0163\u0103 unui posibil atac sovietic. Din acest punct  de vedere, dispunerea for\u0163elor militare principale ale NATO au avut \u00een  vedere capacitatea acestora de a r\u0103spunde rapid unei ac\u0163iuni agresive  din partea Uniunii Sovietice, at\u00eet \u00een cadrul continentului european c\u00eet  \u015fi \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte capacitatea de asigurare a liniilor de transport  din Oceanul Atlantic, prin intermediul c\u0103rora se avea \u00een vedere  aprovizionarea unui eventual front european cu resurse \u015fi personal  american. Scenariile militare concepute de NATO \u00een timpul anilor 1970  atribuiau for\u0163elor armate ale Pactului de la Var\u015fovia (\u00een cadrul c\u0103rora  ponderea cea mai mare o de\u0163inea Uniunea Sovietic\u0103) urm\u0103toarele  capabilit\u0103\u0163i:<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&#8211;  producerea de distrugeri catastrofale pe \u00eentreg teritoriul de  responsabilitate al Alian\u0163ei (at\u00eet Europa Occidental\u0103 c\u00eet \u015fi continentul  Nord-American) prin intermediul loviturilor strategice efectuate prin  &#8220;triada nuclear\u0103&#8221; (rachete strategice cu baz\u0103 fix\u0103 \u015fi mobil\u0103, submarine  purt\u0103toare de armament atomic, avia\u0163ia de bombardament strategic);<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&#8211;  invadarea Europei Occidentale prin surprindere, f\u0103r\u0103 declara\u0163ie de  razboi, cu ajutorul Grupului de For\u0163e Sovietice din Germania, precum \u015fi  diviziile motorizate sovietice din Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, Polonia;<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&#8211;  executarea de lovituri nucleare tactice \u00eempotriva concentr\u0103rilor  strategice de capacit\u0103\u0163i militare ale NATO pe teritoriul Europei  Occidentale, \u00een scopul sprijinirii ofensivei terestre a armatei  sovietice;<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&#8211;  intensificarea eforturilor \u00een ad\u00e2ncimea defensivei strategice a NATO cu  ajutorul for\u0163elor suplimentare ce urmau a fi aduse din interiorul  Uniunii Sovietice;<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n&#8211;  aplicarea conceptelor de interdic\u0163ie strategic\u0103 \u00een zona Atlanticului,  viz\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een principal, blocarea aprovizion\u0103rii frontului european cu  materiale \u015fi personal uman din SUA. Structura Alian\u0163ei a fost astfel  configurat\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 asigure \u00eendeplinirea obiectivului major al  acesteia: asigurarea capacit\u0103\u0163ii defensive pentru statele membre  \u00eempotriva unui eventual atac din partea Uniunii Sovietice. Av\u00e2nd \u00een  vedere faptul c\u0103 toate previziunile indicau ca cel mai posibil scenariu  de \u00eenceput al atacului o ofensiv\u0103 a grupului de armate sovietice  sta\u0163ionate \u00een R.D. German\u0103, sincronizate cu atacuri ale for\u0163elor din  cadrul Pactului de la Var\u015fovia, accentul cel mai mare a fost pus asupra  asigur\u0103rii capacit\u0103\u0163ilor defensive \u00een zona Europei Centrale, precum \u015fi  asigurarea unor linii de transport strategic sigur \u00eentre SUA \u015fi Europa  Occidental\u0103 (deci capacitatea de control efectiv a rutelor de transport  din oceanul Atlantic, precum \u015fi capacitatea de a contesta suprema\u0163ia  naval\u0103 a for\u0163elor Pactului de la Var\u015fovia \u00een Marea Nordului \u015fi Marea  Baltic\u0103). Din punct de vedere istoric, NATO nu a avut de la \u00eenceput o  organizare militar\u0103 \u00een adevaratul sens al cuv\u00eentului. \u00cenceputul  r\u0103zboiului din Coreea \u00een 1950 a dat de \u00een\u0163eles liderilor occidentali c\u0103  Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 ar putea ac\u0163iona \u00eempotriva unei Germanii divizate  (chiar dac\u0103 rolul jucat de URSS \u00een r\u0103zboiul din Coreea a fost oarecum  exagerat \u00een mediile occidentale [69, p.430], ceea ce a determinat  \u00eenceperea unui proces de dezvoltare a structurilor militare proprii  precum \u015fi de l\u0103rgire a Alian\u0163ei (1952 &#8211; Grecia \u015fi Turcia, 1955 &#8211; R.F.  Germania intr\u0103 \u00een organiza\u0163ia atlantic\u0103, sub un acord complex care  prevede printre altele interdic\u0163ia Germaniei de a fabrica armament  chimic, biologic sau atomic). Pe perioada primului s\u0103u deceniu de  activitate, NATO a fost \u00een primul r\u00eend o organiza\u0163ie militar\u0103 dominat\u0103  de puterea american\u0103, capabil\u0103 s\u0103 asigure o marj\u0103 de securitate statelor  din Europa Occidental\u0103 \u00een procesul de recuperare politic\u0103 \u015fi economic\u0103  pe care aceasta \u00eel traversa. Realizarea de c\u0103tre Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 a  parit\u0103\u0163ii nucleare cu SUA a trezit vii dispute \u00een r\u00e2ndul statelor  occidentale cu privire la capacitatea \u015fi disponibilitatea SUA de a-\u015fi  respecta angajamentele.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Organiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord a fost format\u0103 ca o organiza\u0163ie regional\u0103 defensiv\u0103, conform articolului 9 din Tratatul Atlanticului de Nord, semnat \u00een 1949 (4 aprilie). Statele ini\u0163iatoare \u015fi semnatare ale tratatului au fost: Belgia, Marea Britanie, Canada, Danemarca, Fran\u0163a, Islanda, Italia, Luxemburg, Olanda, Norvegia, Portugalia \u015fi Statele Unite ale Americii. Grecia \u015fi Turcia au [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Organiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/organizatia-tratatului-atlanticului-de\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Organiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Organiza\u0163ia Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord a fost format\u0103 ca o organiza\u0163ie regional\u0103 defensiv\u0103, conform articolului 9 din Tratatul Atlanticului de Nord, semnat \u00een 1949 (4 aprilie). Statele ini\u0163iatoare \u015fi semnatare ale tratatului au fost: Belgia, Marea Britanie, Canada, Danemarca, Fran\u0163a, Islanda, Italia, Luxemburg, Olanda, Norvegia, Portugalia \u015fi Statele Unite ale Americii. 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