{"id":28167,"date":"2011-02-23T12:44:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-23T12:44:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:49:45","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:49:45","slug":"conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 a lui George Kennan privind \u00eengr\u0103direa."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00cen  analiza pe care George Kennan o face politicii externe a U.R.S.S.,  porne\u015fte de la istoricul acestei \u0163\u0103ri, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 Rusia a fost supus\u0103  de-a lungul timpului la numeroase invazii, situa\u0163ie ce a creat \u00een  psihologia poporului rus un acut sentiment de insecuritate, ce s-a  extins \u015fi la elita conduc\u0103toare. A\u015fadar, sublinia Kennan, nu ideologia  comunist\u0103 este originea comportamentului sovietic, ci tradi\u0163ia transmis\u0103  de la Rusia \u0163arist\u0103, \u00een virtutea c\u0103reia politica extern\u0103 avea un  pronun\u0163at caracter expansionist7. U.R.S.S. fiind un stat pragmatic, \u00ee\u015fi  subordona ideologia obiectivelor strategice, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a>altfel  spus, ideologia depindea de scopurile politice \u015fi nu invers. \u00cen acest  sens, Kennan, sublinia: \u201dAceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 adev\u0103rul nu este o  constant\u0103, ci este de fapt creat inten\u0163ionat, pentru anumite scopuri, de  liderii sovietici \u00eens\u0103\u015fi. Adev\u0103rul poate varia de la o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la  alta \u015fi de la o lun\u0103 la alta.\u201d8.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">O  caracteristic\u0103 important\u0103 a expansionismului sovietic remarcat\u0103 de  Kennan, era c\u0103 ac\u0163iunea militar\u0103 nu urm\u0103rea un scop \u00een sine, esen\u0163a  politicii externe sovietice fiind realizarea unei hegemonii politice,  deoarece implicarea \u00eentr-o revolu\u0163ie socialist\u0103 mondial\u0103, care s\u0103  conduc\u0103 nemijlocit la o cuceriri de noi teritorii, necesit\u0103 eforturi  financiare \u015fi materiale pe care U.R.S.S. nu-\u015fi permite s\u0103 le fac\u0103. De  aceea politica extern\u0103 sovietic\u0103 este perceput\u0103 ca o form\u0103 a politicii  puterii, \u00een care obiectivul central \u00eel reprezint\u0103 analiza interesului \u015fi  \u00een condi\u0163iile promov\u0103rii principiului \u201ecorel\u0103rii de for\u0163e\u201d, ca  instrument esen\u0163ial al realiz\u0103rii unei astfel de politici. Prin  \u201ecorelarea de for\u0163e\u201d, politicienii sovietici \u00een\u0163elegeau folosirea  tuturor metodelor, at\u00e2t la nivel oficial, c\u00e2t \u015fi neoficial pentru  promovarea pe plan interna\u0163ional a politicii sovietice. Aceasta  presupunea dezvoltarea complexului militar-industrial, care reprezenta  una din for\u0163e, din care rezulta puterea U.R.S.S. \u015fi folosirea oric\u0103rei  oportunit\u0103\u0163i ap\u0103rute pe plan mondial, care putea determina sl\u0103birea  adversarului, respectiv \u00eencurajarea mi\u015fc\u0103rilor de st\u00e2nga \u015fi a  conflictelor din lumea capitalist\u0103. De asemenea ori de c\u00e2te ori situa\u0163ia  permitea, grani\u0163ele trebuiau extinse, sferele de influen\u0163\u0103 deveneau  domeniu asupra c\u0103rora nu se purta nici un fel de negocieri9.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"> Av\u00e2nd  la dispozi\u0163ie principalele direc\u0163ii ale politicii externe sovietice,  S.U.A. \u015fi-a putut fundamenta propria-i politic\u0103 de securitate, care  potrivit lui Kennan se baza pe dou\u0103 elemente principale: \u00eengr\u0103direa \u015fi  schimbarea. Conform abord\u0103rii lui Kennan, S.U.A. trebuiau s\u0103-\u015fi asume  acest rol, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere pozi\u0163ia sa de lider al lumii capitaliste,  care-i conferea statutul de legitimitate \u015fi putere de a se opune  expansionismului sovietic. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 resursele americane erau  \u015fi ele limitate, Kennan considera c\u0103 sunt de interes major pentru  securitatea S.U.A., doar cinci zone de pe glob, respectiv; S.U.A., Marea  Britanie, Germania, Japonia \u015fi U.R.S.S. Preciz\u00e2nd c\u0103 sursa  comportamentului sovietic trebuie c\u0103utat\u0103 nu \u00een ideologia sistemului, ci  \u00een tradi\u0163ionalismul s\u0103u, Kennan propunea o politic\u0103 american\u0103  antisovietic\u0103 \u015fi nu anticomunist\u0103; \u201eEste de la sine \u00een\u0163eles c\u0103 pentru  realizarea unei \u00een\u0163elegeri reu\u015fite cu Rusia, guvernul str\u0103in \u00een cauz\u0103 ar  trebui s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna calm \u015fi st\u0103p\u00e2n pe sine \u015fi c\u0103 preten\u0163iile  sale fa\u0163\u0103 de politica Rusiei trebuie formulate \u00een a\u015fa fel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 lase  loc unei flexibilit\u0103\u0163i care s\u0103 nu \u015ftirbeasc\u0103 prea mult prestigiul  Rusiei\u201d10.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"> \u00cen  viziunea lui Kennan, \u00eengr\u0103direa trebuie aplicat\u0103 \u00een trei etape. \u00cen  prima etap\u0103, trebuie exercitat\u0103 o presiune interna\u0163ional\u0103, pentru  sus\u0163inerea acelor for\u0163e care se puteau sustrage controlului sovietic, \u015fi  \u00een final se putea declan\u015fa regenerarea sistemului socialist din  interior. \u00cen etapa a doua, S.U.A. urm\u0103reau s\u0103 realizeze o balan\u0163\u0103 a  puterii stabil\u0103 \u015fi multipolar\u0103, prin atragerea de noi alia\u0163i care trebuiau  s\u0103-\u015fi asume o parte din r\u0103spunderile S.U.A. \u00eent\u0103rind astfel frontul  for\u0163elor democratice. \u015ei, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit, \u00een etapa a treia, obiectivul  principal \u00eel constituie realizarea unor modific\u0103ri \u00een plan conceptual a  politicii interna\u0163ionale a U.R.S.S.: \u201eStatelor Unite le st\u0103 \u00een putere s\u0103  m\u0103reasc\u0103 foarte mult presiunile sub care trebuie s\u0103 opereze politica  sovietic\u0103, s\u0103 for\u0163eze Kremlinul la un grad mult mai mare de modera\u0163ie \u015fi  restr\u00e2ngere dec\u00e2t constatase \u00een ultimii ani \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eencurajeze astfel  acele tendin\u0163e care se vor concretiza fie \u00een pr\u0103bu\u015firea, fie \u00een  moderarea treptat\u0103 a puterii sovietice. Nici o mi\u015fcare mistic\u0103 sau  mesianic\u0103 nu poate face fa\u0163\u0103 la nesf\u00e2r\u015fit obstacolelor f\u0103r\u0103 a se adapta  \u00een cele din urm\u0103, \u00eentr-un fel sau altul, logicii st\u0103rii de lucruri  existente\u201d11. P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, Kennan admite c\u0103 viitorul confrunt\u0103rii  dintre cele dou\u0103 superputeri va apar\u0163ine aceleia care va reu\u015fi s\u0103  c\u00e2\u015ftige competi\u0163ia pe plan intern , \u00eendeplinind astfel cerin\u0163ele  legitime ale societ\u0103\u0163ii. Proliferarea armelor de nimicire \u00een mas\u0103, a  constituit domeniul \u00een care cele dou\u0103 superputeri au men\u0163inut o  competi\u0163ie de-a lungul \u00eentregii perioade a r\u0103zboiului rece, \u015fi tocmai  datorit\u0103 descuraj\u0103rii nucleare reciproce, nu a fost posibil un incident  major \u00eentre S.U.A. \u015fi U.R.S.S. Au fost \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi momente c\u00e2nd S.U.A. au  adoptat destinderea pe plan interna\u0163ional, miz\u00e2nd pe faptul c\u0103 mesajul  s\u0103u va fi \u00een\u0163eles \u015fi \u00een ultim\u0103 instan\u0163\u0103 autorit\u0103\u0163ile sovietice vor  adopta o politic\u0103 extern\u0103, din care s\u0103 dispar\u0103 accentele expansioniste.  Practic toat\u0103 perioada r\u0103zboiului rece, a fost caracterizat\u0103 de aceast\u0103  alternan\u0163\u0103, \u00eentre politica de \u00eengr\u0103dire \u015fi cea de destindere, astfel c\u0103  dispari\u0163ia sistemului comunist a venit ca o confirmare a doctrinei  americane. <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen analiza pe care George Kennan o face politicii externe a U.R.S.S., porne\u015fte de la istoricul acestei \u0163\u0103ri, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 Rusia a fost supus\u0103 de-a lungul timpului la numeroase invazii, situa\u0163ie ce a creat \u00een psihologia poporului rus un acut sentiment de insecuritate, ce s-a extins \u015fi la elita conduc\u0103toare. A\u015fadar, sublinia Kennan, nu ideologia [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 a lui George Kennan privind \u00eengr\u0103direa. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 a lui George Kennan privind \u00eengr\u0103direa. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen analiza pe care George Kennan o face politicii externe a U.R.S.S., porne\u015fte de la istoricul acestei \u0163\u0103ri, ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 Rusia a fost supus\u0103 de-a lungul timpului la numeroase invazii, situa\u0163ie ce a creat \u00een psihologia poporului rus un acut sentiment de insecuritate, ce s-a extins \u015fi la elita conduc\u0103toare. 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A\u015fadar, sublinia Kennan, nu ideologia [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/","og_site_name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","article_published_time":"2011-02-23T12:44:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-25T09:49:45+00:00","author":"eurointern","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eurointern","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/","name":"Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 a lui George Kennan privind \u00eengr\u0103direa. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-02-23T12:44:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-25T09:49:45+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/23\/conceptia-politica-lui-george-kennan-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103 a lui George Kennan privind \u00eengr\u0103direa."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/","name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","description":"Internships\/ Scholarships\/  Grants","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d","name":"eurointern","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eurointern"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/rubyskynews.com"],"url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28167"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28167\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}