{"id":28157,"date":"2011-02-24T11:06:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-24T11:06:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:49:39","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:49:39","slug":"declinul-securitatii-colective-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/declinul-securitatii-colective-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Declinul securit\u0103\u0163ii colective."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Pre\u015fedintele  american Woodrow Wilson, \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte de sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului,  contest\u00e2nd conceptul echilibrului de for\u0163e, propunea o nou\u0103 ordine  mondial\u0103 care s\u0103 fie caracterizat\u0103 prin democra\u0163ie, securitate colectiv\u0103  \u015fi autodeterminare iar toate aspira\u0163iile na\u0163ionale, clar definite,  trebuie s\u0103 fie satisf\u0103cute, evit\u00e2ndu-se crearea de noi elemente de  discordie \u015fi antagonisme \u015fi perpetuarea celor vechi . <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Instrumentul  stabilit s\u0103 realizeze \u015fi s\u0103 men\u0163in\u0103 securitatea colectiv\u0103 era  Societatea Na\u0163iunilor, care a func\u0163ionat pe baza Pactului adoptat de  Conferin\u0163a de Pace, la 19 aprilie 1919. Acesta con\u0163inea 26 de articole  \u015fi o anex\u0103 cu lista statelor fondatoare \u015fi a \u0163\u0103rilor invitate, iar  referitor la scopul Societ\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163iunilor se preciza c\u0103 acesta este  dezvoltarea cooper\u0103rii \u00eentre na\u0163iuni,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a> garantarea  p\u0103cii \u015fi siguran\u0163ei, precum \u015fi eliminarea r\u0103zboiului . La articolul 10  se stipula c\u0103 statele membre au datoria s\u0103 respecte \u015fi s\u0103 p\u0103streze  integritatea \u015fi independen\u0163a politic\u0103 existent\u0103 \u00eempotriva oric\u0103ror  agresiuni externe. Punctele de vedere divergente ale principalilor  actori care au constituit Societatea Na\u0163iunilor au determinat apari\u0163ia  unor disfunc\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163i \u00een \u00eendeplinirea atribu\u0163iilor ce-i reveneau.  S.U.A. nu au ratificat actul fondator \u015fi au \u00eencheiat pace separat\u0103 cu  \u0163\u0103rile \u00eenvinse. Faptul c\u0103 dou\u0103 mari puteri, Germania \u015fi Rusia, nu f\u0103ceau  parte din organiza\u0163ie, puneau sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii valabilitatea \u015fi  durabilitatea acesteia. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00cen  perioada 1924-1929, s-au derulat o serie de programe pentru  reconstruc\u0163ia economico-financiar\u0103 a Austriei, Ungariei, Bulgariei, etc.  \u015fi au fost rezolvate aproximativ 18-20.000 de conflicte \u015fi litigii  privind delimitarea frontierelor, interpretarea tratatelor, diferendelor  comerciale \u015fi economice. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00cen  pofida acestui curs favorabil, \u00een scurt timp \u00eens\u0103, vor ap\u0103rea  contradic\u0163ii \u00een mod deosebit \u00eentre Anglia \u015fi Fran\u0163a. Anglia, spre  exemplu, a dus o politic\u0103 opus\u0103 Fran\u0163ei \u00een domeniul dezarm\u0103rii \u015fi a  angajat tratative cu Germanania, impun\u00e2nd Fran\u0163ei anumite sacrificii.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Atacarea  Manciuriei, provincie chinez\u0103, de c\u0103tre armata japonez\u0103, a scos \u00een  eviden\u0163\u0103 neputin\u0163a Societ\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163iunilor \u00een problemele de securitate.  Astfel, de\u015fi protestul Chinei a fost luat \u00een calcul \u015fi analizat \u00een  cadrul Societ\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163iunilor, s-a constatat c\u0103, de fapt, nu exist\u0103 nici o  posibilitate concret\u0103 de a sanc\u0163iona statul agresor, majoritatea  \u0163\u0103rilor fiind \u00een rela\u0163ii comerciale avansate cu Japonia, nu acceptau  nici m\u0103car anumite restric\u0163ii economice.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">De  asemenea, c\u00e2nd Italia a atacat Etiopia, de\u015fi Anglia s-a pronun\u0163at ferm  pentru men\u0163inerea securit\u0103\u0163ii colective \u015fi a propus aplicarea de  sanc\u0163iuni severe agresorului, practic nu s-a putut face nimic, Mussolini  continu\u00e2ndu-\u015fi campania militar\u0103. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Declara\u0163ia  solemn\u0103 a reprezentan\u0163ilor la cel mai \u00eenalt nivel ai Angliei, Fran\u0163ei  \u015fi Italiei de la Stressa din aprilie 1935 \u015fi hot\u0103r\u00e2rea acestora de a  men\u0163ine sistemul de tratate creat dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial s-au  dovedit a fi doar simple vorbe, deoarece Germania era hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 s\u0103  schimbe ierarhiile din Europa. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Profit\u00e2nd  de neputin\u0163a Societ\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163iunilor de a ac\u0163iona \u00eempotriva Italiei,  Hitler ordon\u0103 la 7 martie 1936 ocuparea zonei demilitarizate renane de\u015fi  potrivit Tratatului de la Versailles \u015fi a \u00cen\u0163elegerii de la Locarno  trupele germane nu aveau dreptul s\u0103 intre \u00een Renania sau mai aproape de  50 km de aceast\u0103 zon\u0103. Convocat, Consiliul Ligii Na\u0163iunilor de\u015fi a  constatat \u00eenc\u0103lcarea tratatelor de c\u0103tre Germania, a hot\u0103r\u00e2t invitarea  lui Hitler pentru a negocia o nou\u0103 formul\u0103 pentru securitatea european\u0103.  R\u0103spunsul insolent al lui Hitler c\u0103 nu avea nici un fel de preten\u0163ii  teritoriale \u00een Europa, era \u00een v\u0103dit\u0103 contradic\u0163ie cu ac\u0163iunile politice  \u015fi militare ale celui de-al treilea Reich .<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Lipsa  unui sistem economic viabil a determinat o serie de contradic\u0163ii \u015fi \u00een  acest domeniu, care coroborate cu cele din zona politic\u0103 a sl\u0103bit \u015fi \u00een  final a pr\u0103bu\u015fit securitatea colectiv\u0103. Criza economic\u0103 din &#8217;29-33 a  generat pr\u0103bu\u015firea sistemului monetar interna\u0163ional corespunz\u0103tor acelei  perioade \u015fi a cooper\u0103rii economice interna\u0163ionale.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Sistemul  economic interna\u0163ional era definit printr-o politic\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103 ce  proteja produc\u0103torii autohtoni \u015fi subordonarea economiei scopurilor  politicii externe.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Lovitura  de gra\u0163ie dat\u0103 securit\u0103\u0163ii colective a fost ocuparea de c\u0103tre Germania a  regiunii sudete din Cehoslovacia. Marile democra\u0163ii occidentale au  semnat acordul de la M\u00fcnchen din 1938, cu speran\u0163a c\u0103 este ultimul act  care valideaz\u0103 statutul Germaniei \u015fi se evita astfel un conflict major  \u00een Europa.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Strategia  Marii Britanii \u015fi Fran\u0163ei, fa\u0163\u0103 de ac\u0163iunile Germaniei, a fost o serie  de concesii \u015fi compromisuri, care nu au f\u0103cut altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 am\u00e2ne  declan\u015farea r\u0103zboiului.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Nu  s-a reu\u015fit de c\u0103tre cei care au promovat idealismul, ca mod de  abordarea a rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale, s\u0103 se sesizeze faptul c\u0103 sursele  principale ale ac\u0163iunii statului \u015fi comportamentului s\u0103u se reg\u0103sesc \u00een  sfera considera\u0163iilor referitoare la putere \u015fi la interes na\u0163ional \u015fi  mai pu\u0163in \u00een cea a eticii \u015fi a universalismului.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pre\u015fedintele american Woodrow Wilson, \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte de sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului, contest\u00e2nd conceptul echilibrului de for\u0163e, propunea o nou\u0103 ordine mondial\u0103 care s\u0103 fie caracterizat\u0103 prin democra\u0163ie, securitate colectiv\u0103 \u015fi autodeterminare iar toate aspira\u0163iile na\u0163ionale, clar definite, trebuie s\u0103 fie satisf\u0103cute, evit\u00e2ndu-se crearea de noi elemente de discordie \u015fi antagonisme \u015fi perpetuarea celor vechi . Instrumentul stabilit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Declinul securit\u0103\u0163ii colective. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/declinul-securitatii-colective-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Declinul securit\u0103\u0163ii colective. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pre\u015fedintele american Woodrow Wilson, \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenainte de sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului, contest\u00e2nd conceptul echilibrului de for\u0163e, propunea o nou\u0103 ordine mondial\u0103 care s\u0103 fie caracterizat\u0103 prin democra\u0163ie, securitate colectiv\u0103 \u015fi autodeterminare iar toate aspira\u0163iile na\u0163ionale, clar definite, trebuie s\u0103 fie satisf\u0103cute, evit\u00e2ndu-se crearea de noi elemente de discordie \u015fi antagonisme \u015fi perpetuarea celor vechi . 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