{"id":28011,"date":"2011-02-24T14:02:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-24T14:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:49:05","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:49:05","slug":"urss-in-perioada-lui-hrusciov-brejnev-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/urss-in-perioada-lui-hrusciov-brejnev-2\/","title":{"rendered":"URSS \u00een perioada lui Hrusciov, Brejnev."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nPentru  pastrarea unui control total, statele comuniste s-au izolat de restul  lumii, si termenul de ,,Cortina de fier\u201d a fost popularizat de Winston  Churchill, pentru a desemna frontierele acestora; in consecinta ,,in  spatele cortinei de fier\u201d semnifica ,,in interiorul blocului comunist\u201d.  Ocazional, lupta pentru extindere sau mentinerea influentei in anumite  zone ducea la razboaie in care fiecare din cele doua blocuri sustinea  una din parti, sau in care era implicata doar una dintre marile puteri.  Dictatorul sovietic Iosif Stalin a murit in 1953. Succesorul sau a fost  Nikita Hrusciov. Noul lider a modificat cele mai dure aspecte represive  ale regimului stalinist, desi URSS a ramas un stat aflat sub controlul  total al unui singur partid. Pentru a-si dovedi bunele intentii,  Hrusciov<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a> a dizolvat Cominformul si a conceput o noua  doctrina a ,,convietuirii pasnice\u201d. Renuntand la ideea conform careia un  conflict intre Est si Vest era inevitabil, el a declarat ca cele doua  sisteme puteau sa se afle intr-o competitie pasnica: cea care va avea  mai mult succes o va elimina pe cealalta. Asa s-a si intamplat in cele  din urma, desi rezultatul nu a fost cel asteptat de Hrusciov.<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nDar  scaderea tensiunii a fost de scurta durata. Berlinul de Vest provoca o  vesnica iritare, deoarece pentru lumea comunista el era un exemplu al  vietii occidentale prospere. De asemenea el oferea o ruta relativ facila  de scapare pentru germanii din est. In cele din urma, cand reformele si  tacticile lui Hrusciov s-au dovedit incapabile de a determina puterile  occidentale sa se retraga, autoritatile din Germania de Est au ridicat  un gard de sarma ghimpata si au construit un zid in jurul Berlinului de  Vest \u2013 pentru a impiedica accesul propriilor cetateni in oras. Acesta a  fost o recunoastere umilitoare a esecului, dar Zidul Berlinului a reusit  sa stabilizeze situatia: Berlinul a incetat sa mai fie scanteia care  putea declansa un alt razboi mondial. In anii 1960 si 1970 blocul  sovietic a ramas aparent puternic cu toate ca ruptura dintre URSS si  China a complicat relatiile internationale. Sub conducerea lui Lenoid  Brejnev (1967-1982) arsenalul nuclear al URSS a atins o marime  comparabil cu cel al SUA; flota sovietica a fost si ea extinsa iar  influenta sovietica parea in continua crestere, deoarece in numeroase  tari din lumea a treia a fost impus prin interventia sovietica directa  sistemul partidului unic. Ascensiunea comunismului pe plan mondial era  inselatoare. In timpul lui Brejnev, cheltuielile militare au inghitit  aproape 15% din totalul venitului national. Ca o consecinta a acestui  fapt si a sistemului de planificare centralizat, economia sovietica a  alunecat tot mai mult in datorii. In 1979, armata sovietica a intervenit  in Afganistan pentru a sustine un guvern de aceeasi orientare si s-a  trezit implicata intr-un conflict costisitor si umilitor de tipul celui  din Vietnam. Adevaratele slabiciuni ale URSS-ului au devenit evidente la  inceputul anilor 1980, cand presedintele american Ronald Reagan, un  anticomunist convins, a intarit programele militare americane, care au  culminat cu propuneri de instalare a unui sistem balistic in spatiul  proiectul ,,Star Wars\u201d. In 1985 Mihail Gorbaciov a devenit presedinte al  URSS-ului, cu consecinte decisive asupra razboiului rece. Concentrat  asupra reformei interne Gorbaciov, a realizat ca URSS nu mai putea face  fata impovaratoarei curse a inarmarilor. In 1987, dupa acceptarea unor  importante concesii, a asigurat prima diminuare a armelor nucleare. Cu  economia sovietica aflata intr-un declin rapid, Gorbaciov a hotarat  incetarea ajutorului acordat si retragerea sprijinului politic acordat  regimurilor comuniste est-europene, care in 1989 au inceput sa se  prabuseasca. Uniunea Sovietica o luase pe drumul democratiei controlul  partidului comunist devenise din ce in ce mai slab si economia era la  pamant, Uniunea Sovietica devenea un prieten ce trebuia ajuta, in  decembrie 1989 fiind anuntat sfarsitul Razboiului rece de Gorbaciov si  George Bush.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pentru pastrarea unui control total, statele comuniste s-au izolat de restul lumii, si termenul de ,,Cortina de fier\u201d a fost popularizat de Winston Churchill, pentru a desemna frontierele acestora; in consecinta ,,in spatele cortinei de fier\u201d semnifica ,,in interiorul blocului comunist\u201d. Ocazional, lupta pentru extindere sau mentinerea influentei in anumite zone ducea la razboaie in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>URSS \u00een perioada lui Hrusciov, Brejnev. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/urss-in-perioada-lui-hrusciov-brejnev-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"URSS \u00een perioada lui Hrusciov, Brejnev. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pentru pastrarea unui control total, statele comuniste s-au izolat de restul lumii, si termenul de ,,Cortina de fier\u201d a fost popularizat de Winston Churchill, pentru a desemna frontierele acestora; in consecinta ,,in spatele cortinei de fier\u201d semnifica ,,in interiorul blocului comunist\u201d. 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