{"id":27963,"date":"2011-02-24T14:35:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-24T14:35:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:48:49","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:48:49","slug":"functia-de-divertisment-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Func\u0163ia de divertisment."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\nUria\u015fa dezvoltare a mediilor audiovizuale i-a condus pe unii cercet\u0103tori la considera\u0163ia c\u0103 \u201crolul global al media se define\u015fte prin func\u0163ia de transpunere a realului \u00een spectacol, recept\u00e2nd mijloacele de comunicare mai cur\u00e2nd ca o surs\u0103 \u015fi ca un mijloc de evaziune\u201d. Perspectiva func\u0163ionalist\u0103 de cercetare a comportamentului audien\u0163ei a relevat, \u00een timp, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anii\u201950, importante elemente ale rela\u0163iei dintre utilizarea media ca mijloc de evaziune \u015fi caracteristicile socio-psihologice ale acestor utilizatori. Astfel de considera\u0163ii s-au desprins \u00eentr-un cadru mai amplu \u015fi anume \u00een acela al studierii unui capitol care s-a bucurat de o aten\u0163ie deosebit\u0103: studiile asupra \u201cutiliz\u0103rilor \u015fi gratifica\u0163iilor\u201d. Utiliz\u0103rile \u015fi gratifica\u0163iile oferite de media (\u201cU\u201d and \u201cG\u201d) au constituit o direc\u0163ie special\u0103 de cercetare ce a vizat preponderent televiziunea. Paradigma utiliz\u0103rilor \u015fi gratifica\u0163iilor s-a constituit pe c\u00e2teva \u00eentreb\u0103ri de interes: ce satisfac\u0163ii caut\u0103 indivizii \u00een consumul media?, \u00een ce mod utilizeaz\u0103 mijloacele de comunicare?, cum le utilizeaz\u0103?, ce nevoi umane reclam\u0103 consumul mediatic?<\/i>\u00cen ultimii ani, utiliz\u0103rile \u015fi gratifica\u0163iile sunt studiate al\u0103turi de efecte, de\u015fi ele par a fi, de fapt, cauze ale consumului mediatic \u015fi nu efecte. \u00cent\u00e2lnim, pentru utiliz\u0103ri \u015fi gratifica\u0163ii, \u015fi formularea foloase \u015fi recompense<\/i>. Dac\u0103 efectele r\u0103spund<\/a> \u00eentreb\u0103rii \u201cCe fac mediile cu oamenii?\u201d, gratifica\u0163iile r\u0103stoarn\u0103 aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare: \u201cCe fac oamenii cu mass-media?\u201d \u00centrebarea se revendic\u0103 de la tradi\u0163ia care postuleaz\u0103 libertatea publicului de a interpreta \u015fi folosi mesajele dup\u0103 bunul plac \u00een existen\u0163a proprie, ca \u015fi orice alt produs pe care-l \u201cutilizeaz\u0103\u201d. Dac\u0103 cercet\u0103rile clasice p\u0103reau a studia un public pasiv \u2013 o victim\u0103 u\u015foar\u0103 a mass-media, viziunea implicit\u0103 propus\u0103 de perspectiva \u201cfoloaselor \u015fi a recompenselor\u201d audien\u0163ei este una a receptorului activ, care caut\u0103, selecteaz\u0103 \u015fi-\u015fi afirm\u0103 libertatea op\u0163iunilor. \u00cenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceputurile lor, mediile au oferit publicului prilejuri de a folosi produsele mediatice \u00een via\u0163a cotidian\u0103. \u00cen contemporaneitate, se constat\u0103 o sporire a num\u0103rului acelora care declar\u0103 c\u0103, prin mass-media, doresc s\u0103 evadeze din problemele lor zilnice. Astfel, conceptul de evaziune<\/i> a devenit o prezen\u0163\u0103 frecvent\u0103 \u00een discu\u0163iile relative la func\u0163iile \u015fi efectele comunic\u0103rii de mas\u0103 \u015fi la rela\u0163iile care se stabilesc \u00eentre public \u015fi media. \u201cTermenului de evaziune \u00eei sunt asociate, \u00een principal, patru sensuri:<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n1. func\u0163ia de evaziune a consumului culturii de mas\u0103 (spre exemplu, divertismentul masiv oferit de tv \u015fi alte media) const\u0103 \u00een deturnarea practican\u0163ilor acesteia de la \u201clumea real\u0103 \u00een profitul imaginarului\u201d, mediile oferind stereotipuri care favorizeaz\u0103 idealizarea vie\u0163ii, evitarea realit\u0103\u0163ilor dezagreabile;<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n2. mass-media ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 mai cur\u00e2nd ca un \u201cnarcotic social\u201d, tinz\u00e2ndu-se spre generalizarea unui uzaj identificat de Merton \u015fi Lazarsfeld (1948);<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n3. exist\u0103 indivizi care utilizeaz\u0103 mass-media mai mult ca mijloace de evaziune (cei mai expu\u015fi consumului evazionist sunt anxio\u015fii, nelini\u015fti\u0163ii, frustra\u0163ii, cei care resimt mai frecvent tot felul de insatisfac\u0163ii, care \u00ee\u015fi fac mereu tot felul de griji);<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n4. consumul culturii de mas\u0103 \u015fi, \u00een special, al divertismentului produce ca efect pasivitatea social\u0103 \u015fi conformismul\u201d.<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nDeci, \u201cevazioni\u015ftii\u201d caut\u0103 nenum\u0103rate compensa\u0163ii irealiz\u0103rilor \u00een universul mirific oferit, at\u00e2t de generos, de c\u0103tre instan\u0163ele mediatice. Dar dorin\u0163a de relaxare ori pl\u0103cerea de a-\u0163i l\u0103sa imagina\u0163ia \u00een voia valurilor mediatice nu sunt doar apanajele patologicului, ale unei lumi narcotice \u015fi narcotizante, ci pot fi, la fel de probabil, forme de manifestare a con\u015ftiin\u0163ei plenare, exercit\u00e2ndu-se, astfel, asupra \u00eentregului registru de nevoi \u015fi posibilit\u0103\u0163i umane. Dac\u0103 nu am crede asta, o stinghereal\u0103 insidioas\u0103 ne-ar lua \u00een st\u0103p\u00e2nire ori de c\u00e2te ori am viziona un film sau am deschide televizorul. Mai mult, la limit\u0103, chiar \u015fi apeten\u0163a c\u0103tre emisiunile informative poate fi privit\u0103 tot ca un semn al evaziunii, al dorin\u0163ei de evadare din lumea noastr\u0103 cotidian\u0103, real\u0103. \u015ei aceast\u0103 etichetare nici nu ar fi ie\u015fit\u0103 complet din cadrele adev\u0103rului. Numai c\u0103 greu vom g\u0103si pe cineva care s\u0103 delimiteze realitatea mul\u0163umitor \u015fi neechivoc. Nici m\u0103car opiniile gre\u015fite pe care le putem avea despre aceast\u0103 realitate nu pot fi excluse din realitate. \u015ei se poate sus\u0163ine foarte bine c\u0103 \u00eens\u0103\u015fi existen\u0163a mass-media este un semn al dorin\u0163ei umane de evaziune. Mass-media \u2013 \u015fi acest fapt este evident \u2013 sunt utilizate tot mai frecvent ca o surs\u0103 de divertisment important\u0103 \u015fi pentru c\u0103 reclam\u0103 costurile bugetare cele mai mici pentru indivizi. Mass-media te poate relaxa la cele mai mici pre\u0163uri. Accesibilitatea este unul dintre atributele importante ale mediilor. Prin mass-media, apoi, se pot realiza identific\u0103rile dorite, oric\u00e2t de spectaculoase. Astfel, existen\u0163a unui nou bovarism (bovarismul mediatic modern?) poate fi detectat\u0103, probabil, cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103, printre consumatorii de produse mediatice. Pe acest vast \u015fi pluriform teritoriu al evaziunii poate fi delimitat acela, fatalmente inferior ca dimensiune, dar suficient de amplu \u015fi de viguros, al divertismentului. Func\u0163ia de divertisment<\/i> asociat\u0103 a fost denumit\u0103 \u015fi recreativ\u0103.<\/i> Mihai Coman citeaz\u0103 o percutant\u0103 \u015fi profund\u0103 observa\u0163ie a lui Neil Postman privitoare la atotputernicia divertismentului mediatic de ast\u0103zi, care merit\u0103 a fi re\u0163inut\u0103: \u201cProblema esen\u0163ial\u0103 nu este aceea c\u0103 televiziunea ne ofer\u0103 divertisment, ci c\u0103 ea trateaz\u0103 toate subiectele \u00een forma divertismentului (\u2026) Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 divertismentul devine supra-ideologia oric\u0103rui discurs al televiziunii\u201d.<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nIndustria divertismentului mediatic, pentru c\u0103 atrage publicul \u015fi deci publicitatea, s-a impus peste tot \u00een lume. \u00cen aceast\u0103 zon\u0103, televiziunea, deocamdat\u0103, de\u0163ine, cu lejeritate, prim-planul, datorit\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u0163ilor sale de a crea \u201cm\u0103rcile\u201d de divertisment cele mai complete \u015fi mai c\u0103utate (gustate) de public. Spectacolul generalizat pe care-l \u00eentre\u0163ine televiziunea este augmentat de expansiunea aproape neverosimil\u0103 a interesului pentru sport. Spectacolul sportiv, pe care socio-psihologii l-ar putea decoda fastuos, servindu-se de mituri, de arta r\u0103zboiului \u015fi de agresivitatea uman\u0103 instinctiv\u0103, serve\u015fte de asemenea ca factor compensatoriu, ca element de identificare ori ca show pur \u015fi simplu. \u015ei sportul a fost aproape confiscat (sau s-a predat singur, pe bani grei) de televiziune. Ca pondere temporal\u0103, divertismentul \u00ee\u015fi ia zilnic partea regal\u0103 din via\u0163a industriilor audiovizuale, societatea de consum facilit\u00e2nd sau reclam\u00e2nd acest statut privilegiat pentru spectacol, pentru narcoz\u0103, pentru evaziune.<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\nPresa tip\u0103rit\u0103 con\u0163ine, la r\u00e2ndu-i, jocuri, caricaturi, desene, rubrici specializate de divertisment, fotografii, diverse concursuri. Parte a mediilor tip\u0103rite, revistele tv, revistele care se refer\u0103 la lumea show-bisnessului, sunt simple adjuvante ale televiziunii. Sunt, deci, media tip\u0103rite care paraziteaz\u0103 ruda bogat\u0103, parvenit\u0103 (televiziunea) ori tr\u0103iesc \u00een simbioz\u0103 cu aceasta. Sunt, acestea, fenomene deloc anticipate \u00een urm\u0103 cu doar 30-40 de ani, c\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103 se credea c\u0103 presa scris\u0103 va tr\u0103i mereu pe propriile picioare sau va muri \u00een demnitate \u015fi onor. Tr\u0103ie\u015fte.<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uria\u015fa dezvoltare a mediilor audiovizuale i-a condus pe unii cercet\u0103tori la considera\u0163ia c\u0103 \u201crolul global al media se define\u015fte prin func\u0163ia de transpunere a realului \u00een spectacol, recept\u00e2nd mijloacele de comunicare mai cur\u00e2nd ca o surs\u0103 \u015fi ca un mijloc de evaziune\u201d. Perspectiva func\u0163ionalist\u0103 de cercetare a comportamentului audien\u0163ei a relevat, \u00een timp, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nFunc\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Func\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uria\u015fa dezvoltare a mediilor audiovizuale i-a condus pe unii cercet\u0103tori la considera\u0163ia c\u0103 \u201crolul global al media se define\u015fte prin func\u0163ia de transpunere a realului \u00een spectacol, recept\u00e2nd mijloacele de comunicare mai cur\u00e2nd ca o surs\u0103 \u015fi ca un mijloc de evaziune\u201d. Perspectiva func\u0163ionalist\u0103 de cercetare a comportamentului audien\u0163ei a relevat, \u00een timp, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-02-24T14:35:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-25T09:48:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/\",\"name\":\"Func\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-02-24T14:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-25T09:48:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Func\u0163ia de divertisment.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"description\":\"Internships\/ Scholarships\/ Grants\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\",\"name\":\"eurointern\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eurointern\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/rubyskynews.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Func\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Func\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","og_description":"Uria\u015fa dezvoltare a mediilor audiovizuale i-a condus pe unii cercet\u0103tori la considera\u0163ia c\u0103 \u201crolul global al media se define\u015fte prin func\u0163ia de transpunere a realului \u00een spectacol, recept\u00e2nd mijloacele de comunicare mai cur\u00e2nd ca o surs\u0103 \u015fi ca un mijloc de evaziune\u201d. Perspectiva func\u0163ionalist\u0103 de cercetare a comportamentului audien\u0163ei a relevat, \u00een timp, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu […]","og_url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/","og_site_name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","article_published_time":"2011-02-24T14:35:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-25T09:48:49+00:00","author":"eurointern","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eurointern","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/","name":"Func\u0163ia de divertisment. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-02-24T14:35:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-25T09:48:49+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/24\/functia-de-divertisment-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Func\u0163ia de divertisment."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/","name":"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","description":"Internships\/ Scholarships\/ Grants","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d","name":"eurointern","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eurointern"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/rubyskynews.com"],"url":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27963"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27963"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27963\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}