{"id":27859,"date":"2011-02-25T14:24:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-25T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:48:21","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:48:21","slug":"starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nDup\u0103  Congresul al XIV-lea al Partidului (18-31 decembrie 1925) incepe de  facto ceea ce avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai tarziu \u201cmarea teroare\u201d- eliminarea  initial de pe scena politic\u0103 apoi si fizic\u0103 a adversarilor. Dup\u0103  eliminarea treptat\u0103 a adversarilor, Stalin devine st\u0103pan absolut pe  putere si va trece la actiuni concrete pentru consolidarea regimului,  declarandu-se adeptul principiului \u201cconstructiei socialismului intr-o  singur\u0103 Tar\u0103\u201d spre deosebire de predesesorul s\u0103u, V.I.Lenin care era  adeptul revolutiei mondiale si a exportului de revolutiei. Primele  actiuni concrete in aceast\u0103 directie vizau socializarea integral\u0103 a URSS  si, in primul rand, a economiei acesteia. La Congresul al XIV-lea al  partidului a fost trasat\u0103 linia politic\u0103 general\u0103 in domeniul  industrializ\u0103rii T\u0103rii. Conducerea sovietic\u0103 se va dezice treptat de  Noua Politic\u0103 Economic\u0103, care in viziunea lor nu a reusit s\u0103 contribuie  la progresul economic al T\u0103rii si va relansa ideea planurilor cincinale.  De altfel, inc\u0103 in februarie 1922 a fost creat\u0103 Comisia de Stat pentru  Planificarea General\u0103 (Gosplan) care trebuia s\u0103 elaboreze planuri  cincinale prin care se impuneau in mod imperativ fiec\u0103rei republici,  fiec\u0103rei regiuni si intreprinderi sarcini ce prevedeau un nivel anumit  al producTiei ce trebuia atins in perioada planificat\u0103. Astfel,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a>  prin condamnarea si eliminare NEP-ului se instituia planificarea  centralizat\u0103 a economiei si eliminarea definitiv\u0103 a economiei private.  Prin planurile cincinale se introducea controlul din partea statului in  toate ramurile industriei. In domeniul industrial a fost acordat\u0103  prioritate industriile grele in dauna industriilor usoare produc\u0103toare  de bunuri de larg consum, iar cererile<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;\">\nconsiderabile  la produsele acestor ramuri au fost ajustate in mod artificial prin  importuri si printr-o raTionalizare extrem de sever\u0103. In domeniul  agriculturii colectivizarea general\u0103 a zonelor rurale era asigurat\u0103 prin  organizarea sovhozurilor, gospod\u0103rii de stat in care membrii erau  redusi la condiTia de salariaTi agricoli, si colhozuri, gospod\u0103rii  colective ai c\u0103ror membri erau repartizaTi in grupuri si erau retribuiTi  pe baza beneficiilor realizate prin vanzarea c\u0103tre stat a produselor la  preTuri stabilite de acesta. Scopul colectiviz\u0103rii era de a impune  controlul statului asupra p\u0103mantului si de a elimina iniTiativa privat\u0103  din perioada NEP-ului. In paralel, bolsevicii doreau s\u0103 lichideze clasa  T\u0103ranilor inst\u0103riTi ce a ap\u0103rut la sate \u2013 asa-numiTi \u201cculaci\u201d- care in  viziunea lor era o clas\u0103 burghez\u0103, ei devenind Tinta propagandei  staliniste, fiind supusi persecuTiilor, deposedaTi de p\u0103mant, represaTi  si dislocaTi in alte zone. In pofida acestor eforturi, primul plan  cincinal s-a soldat cu un semiesec atat in industrie cat si in domeniul  agricol. Obectivele sale au fost atinse doar in unele domenii cum a fost  de exemplu domeniul construcTiei de masini, pe cand in celelalte  producTia nu a atins limitele stabilite. Un adev\u0103rat esec a fost  inregistrat in sectorul agricol. Au fost luate m\u0103suri concrete pentru  realizarea obiectivelor propuse, Stalin insusi numind anul 1929 \u201canul  marii cotituri\u201d, adic\u0103 anul cand T\u0103ranii au fost obligaTi s\u0103 intre masiv  in colhozuri. In 1930 au fost luate unele decizii importante la nivelul  conducerii centrale: lichidarea \u201ccul\u0103cimii\u201d si promovarea  colectiviz\u0103rii forTate. Colectivizarea a avut urm\u0103ri tragice pentru  T\u0103r\u0103nime: rechiziTionarea forTat\u0103 a produsele agricole a generat  foametea ce a avut consecinTe dramatice, in deosebi in anii urm\u0103tori,  1932 si 1933. Conform unor surse num\u0103rul celor ce au murit ca rezultat  direct al foamei variaz\u0103 intre 10 si 15 milioane de oameni. Stalin a  fost nevoit s\u0103 intervin\u0103 pentru a redresa situaTia, fiind obligat s\u0103  recunoasc\u0103 unele greseli comise in procesul colectiviz\u0103rii public  intr-un articol intitulat \u226aAmeTeala de pe urma succeselor. Prin acest  demers Stalin urm\u0103rea pe de o parte linistirea spiritelor deoarece in  unele regiuni ale T\u0103rii au fost inregistrate valuri de nemulTimiri care  puteau evolua dar pe de alt\u0103 parte era o acTiune tipic\u0103 de manipulare a  maselor c\u0103rora li se inducea ideea unui conduc\u0103tor infailibil, preocupat  de soarta lor. In U.R.S.S., in anii \u201830 s-a instaurat un sistem  totalitar ce se sprijinea pe un puternic aparat represiv. \u201cRepresiunile\u201d  din randul partidului, incepute la sfarsitul anilor \u201820, au fost  extinse la nivelul intregii T\u0103ri, fiind vizaTi toTi cet\u0103Tenii sovietici.  Cei represaTi erau deportaTi in lag\u0103re de reeducare prin munca,  infiinTate pentru prima oar\u0103 in 1919, destinate adversarilor politici ai  bolsevicilor. In anii \u201830 a fost creat \u201cGulag\u201d-ul- DirecTia general\u0103 a  lag\u0103relor (Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei)-, termen folosit pentru a denumi  sistemul represiv. Stalin a creat in partid si in stat o atmosfer\u0103 de  incertitudine si nesiguranT\u0103. La 1 decembrie 1934 a fost asasinat  liderul organizaTiei de partid din Leningrad, Serghei Kirov. Stalin s-a  folosit de aceast\u0103 crim\u0103, de altfel, organizat\u0103 chiar de el, dup\u0103 cum  demonstreaz\u0103 documentele, pentru a declansa un val de represiuni. Dup\u0103  masacrele din 1934-1935 Stalin devenine st\u0103panul absolut asupra  partidului. In anii urm\u0103tori Uniunea Sovietic\u0103 a fost cuprins\u0103 de ceea  ce se va numi \u201cmarea teroare\u201d, ce a afectat intreaga populaTie si a  c\u0103rui dramatism a culminat cu procesele publice din anii 1937-1939. In  1937 a fost executat maresalul Tuhacevski, impreun\u0103 cu alTi sapte  generali, eroi ai r\u0103zboiului civil, invinuiTi c\u0103 au creat in armat\u0103 o  \u201cconspiraTie gigantic\u0103\u201d. Conform unor estim\u0103ri, in U.R.S.S. pan\u0103 in 1937  au fost represaTi peste 17 milioane de oameni, dintre care peste 10  milioane au murit in lag\u0103re. Pan\u0103 in 1939 au mai fost represaTi alte  5-10 milioane, peste un million au fost impuscaTi, alte dou\u0103 milioane au  murit in lag\u0103re.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 Congresul al XIV-lea al Partidului (18-31 decembrie 1925) incepe de facto ceea ce avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai tarziu \u201cmarea teroare\u201d- eliminarea initial de pe scena politic\u0103 apoi si fizic\u0103 a adversarilor. Dup\u0103 eliminarea treptat\u0103 a adversarilor, Stalin devine st\u0103pan absolut pe putere si va trece la actiuni concrete pentru consolidarea regimului, declarandu-se adeptul principiului [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dup\u0103 Congresul al XIV-lea al Partidului (18-31 decembrie 1925) incepe de facto ceea ce avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai tarziu \u201cmarea teroare\u201d- eliminarea initial de pe scena politic\u0103 apoi si fizic\u0103 a adversarilor. Dup\u0103 eliminarea treptat\u0103 a adversarilor, Stalin devine st\u0103pan absolut pe putere si va trece la actiuni concrete pentru consolidarea regimului, declarandu-se adeptul principiului [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-02-25T14:24:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-25T09:48:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eurointern\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/\",\"name\":\"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-02-25T14:24:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-25T09:48:21+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial.\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/\",\"name\":\"Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\",\"description\":\"Internships\/ Scholarships\/  Grants\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2bf02c24278f4ce807817c8f91add34d\",\"name\":\"eurointern\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ba0ee69eda3e0c9ec9a3c49a6c7a82b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eurointern\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/rubyskynews.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/author\/eurointern28gmail-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/starea-armatei-si-societatii-sovietice-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Starea armatei \u015fi a societ\u0103\u0163ii sovietice \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului II mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/","og_description":"Dup\u0103 Congresul al XIV-lea al Partidului (18-31 decembrie 1925) incepe de facto ceea ce avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai tarziu \u201cmarea teroare\u201d- eliminarea initial de pe scena politic\u0103 apoi si fizic\u0103 a adversarilor. 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