{"id":27819,"date":"2011-02-25T14:53:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-25T14:53:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:48:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:48:11","slug":"modificarile-pe-harta-europei-de-la-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/modificarile-pe-harta-europei-de-la-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Modific\u0103rile pe harta Europei de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\nLa sf\u00e2rsitul primului razboi mondial, \u00een toamna anului 1918, se  \u00eenregistrau modificari importante pe harta Europei, determinate de  disparitia marilor imperii multinationale: Austro \u2013 Ungaria, Imperiul  Otoman si Imperiul Tarist. Pe teritoriul fostelor imperii au aparut  numeroase state nationale (Austria, Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, Polonia,  Finlanda, Estonia, Letonia si Lituania), iar altele si-au \u00eentregit  teritoriul<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a> (Rom\u00e2nia si Regatul S\u00e2rbilor, Croatilor si  Slovenilor). Dezideratele sustinute de maramureseni la Alba Iulia nu au  fost urmate de catre diplomatii rom\u00e2ni prezenti la Conferinta de Pace  de la Paris. Astfel, Ion I. C. Bratianu si Nicolae Misu, expun\u00e2nd la 31  ianuarie \u2014 1 februarie 1919 revendicarile teritoriale ale Rom\u00e2niei,  pastreaza, \u00een ceea ce priveste hotarul de miazanoapte, frontiera trasata  \u00een 1916. Aceasta situatie a \u00eencurajat Cehoslovacia sa solicite la 13  februarie 1919 \u00eencorporarea &#8220;tarii locuite de rutenii din Ungaria&#8221;, desi  Cehoslovacia, din perspectiva istorica, nu avea nici un drept asupra  acestor teritorii, mai ales \u00een ceea ce priveste Maramuresul istoric.  Cererea Cehoslovaciei a fost acceptata la lucrarile Conferintei de Pace  si s-a materializat prin trasarea unei linii de frontiera care atribuia  statului cehoslovac teritoriul rutenilor din zona subcarpatica. La 3  august 1919 \u00eensa se comunica Rom\u00e2niei frontiera cu Cehoslovacia, trasa  de Consiliul Suprem al Puterilor Aliate si Asociate, care mentinea  cursul Tisei ca linie de frontiera, dar numai pe o portiune delimitata  astfel: &#8220;de la un punct comun celor trei frontiere ale Rom\u00e2niei,  Galkitiei si Cehoslovaciei o linie orientata sensibil catre  vest-sud-vest prelungita printr-o linie care atinge r\u00e2ul Tisa la nord de  confluentul acestuia r\u00e2ul Viseu, apoi continua spre vest talvegul Tisei  p\u00e2na \u00eentr-un punct la cca. 9 km vest de Apsa de Jos&#8230;, o linie care sa  \u00eent\u00e2lneasca si sa urmeze linia de despartire a apelor \u00eentre Tisa si  Tur&#8221;. Recunoasterea pe plan international a acesteia a fost confirmata  prin semnarea la 10 septembrie 1919, la Saint-Germaine en Laye, a  Tratatului de pace cu Austria, care \u00een articolul 53 stipula: &#8220;Austria  recunoaste, precum au facut-o deja Puterile Aliate si Asociate, deplina  independenta a statului cehoslovac care va cuprinde si teritoriul  autonom al rutenilor de la sudul Carpatilor&#8221;. Tratatul de la Versailles  din 1919 este un tratat de pace creat ca rezultat al negocierilor de 6  luni purtate la Conferin\u0163a de Pace de la Paris din 1919, \u00eentre for\u0163ele  Aliate (Fran\u0163a, Anglia, SUA, Italia, Japonia, Polonia,Rom\u00e2nia, Serbia,  Cehoslovacia)\u015fi cele ale Puterilor Centrale (Germania, Austro-Ungaria,  Imperiul Otoman, Bulgaria). Tratatul stipula ca Germania pierdea  teritorii \u00een fa\u0163a \u0163\u0103rilor vecine, zona Hulczyn din Silezia Superioar\u0103,  fiind acordat\u0103 Cehoslovaciei (316 sau 333 km\u00b2 \u015fi 49.000 locuitori); La  constituirea teritorial\u0103 a Cehoslovaciei, Conferin\u0163a P\u0103cii din 1919-1920  a combinat mai multe principii \u015fi drepturi: principiul  na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ilor, principiul autodetermin\u0103rii, dreptul istoric,  principiul economic \u015fi strategic. Statul cehoslovac cuprindea, din punct  de vedere teritorial, provinciile istorice Boemia, Moravia \u015fi Silezia,  la care s-au ad\u0103ugat Slovacia \u015fi Rusia Subcarpatin\u0103 (Rutenia), av\u00e2nd o  suprafa\u0163\u0103 de 140.394 km Referitor la formarea teritoriului cehoslovac,  Paul de Lapradelle, afirma: \u201eConstituirea teritorial\u0103 a Cehoslovaciei,  care punea problema soartei germanilor din Boemia, mas\u0103 etnic\u0103 de  3.400.000 de locuitori, grupa\u0163i \u00een cea mai mare parte \u00een platoul  boemian, s-a f\u0103cut prin \u00eencorporarea \u00een republic\u0103 a acestei minorit\u0103\u0163i  considerabile. Argumentele economice \u015fi strategice ale delega\u0163iunii  cehoslovace au dominat aici argumentele etnice ale exper\u0163ilor. La  frontiera polono-cehoslovac\u0103, regiunea minier\u0103 Teschen, care constituie  \u00een acela\u015fi timp un nod de c\u0103i ferate important, a fost \u00een cea mai mare  parte acordat\u0103 cehilor, atunci c\u00e2nd dominanta e polonez\u0103. Totu\u015fi,  Conferin\u0163a ambasadorilor care a operat \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea s-a silit s\u0103  repartizeze echitabil na\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ile\u201c. Ungurii formau grupe numeroase  \u00een regiunea de sud a Slovaciei \u015fi par\u0163ial \u00een Rutenia, fiind r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi\u0163i  mai mult \u00een ora\u015fele slovace, iar polonezii locuiau \u00een regiunea Ceske  Tesin. Conferin\u0163a P\u0103cii din 1919-1920 a luat \u00een considera\u0163ie dreptul  istoric deoarece \u00een secolul al VII-lea a fost un stat slav pe actualul  teritoriu al Cehoslovaciei, \u00eentemeiat de Samo; \u00een secolul al IX-lea a  existat Imperiul Moraviei Mari, \u00eenfiin\u0163at de Ratislav \u015fi care a fost  distrus de unguri \u00een secolul al X-lea, iar Boemia, Moravia \u015fi Silezia au  constituit un regat independent p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1620.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La sf\u00e2rsitul primului razboi mondial, \u00een toamna anului 1918, se \u00eenregistrau modificari importante pe harta Europei, determinate de disparitia marilor imperii multinationale: Austro \u2013 Ungaria, Imperiul Otoman si Imperiul Tarist. Pe teritoriul fostelor imperii au aparut numeroase state nationale (Austria, Ungaria, Cehoslovacia, Polonia, Finlanda, Estonia, Letonia si Lituania), iar altele si-au \u00eentregit teritoriul (Rom\u00e2nia si [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Modific\u0103rile pe harta Europei de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/modificarile-pe-harta-europei-de-la-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modific\u0103rile pe harta Europei de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul primului r\u0103zboi mondial. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La sf\u00e2rsitul primului razboi mondial, \u00een toamna anului 1918, se \u00eenregistrau modificari importante pe harta Europei, determinate de disparitia marilor imperii multinationale: Austro \u2013 Ungaria, Imperiul Otoman si Imperiul Tarist. 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