{"id":27811,"date":"2011-02-25T15:01:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-25T15:01:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:48:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:48:11","slug":"cele-14-puncte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/cele-14-puncte\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Cele 14 puncte&#8221;."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n&#8220;Cele 14 puncte&#8221; au fost prezentate de W.Wilson \u00een sesiunea comun\u0103 a  Congresului din 8 ianuarie 1918. \u00cen discursul s\u0103u, Wilson a \u00eencercat s\u0103  stabileasc\u0103 un proiect viabil p\/t restabilirea p\u0103cii \u00een Europa dup\u0103  \u00eencheierea Ir.m. Idealismul demonstrat de Wilson \u00een timpul discursului  i-a oferit pre\u015f. american o pozi\u0163ie de conducere printre Alia\u0163i \u015fi a  \u00eencurajat Put. Centrale s\u0103 capituleze.Discursul a fost rostit cu  aproximativ 10 luni \u00eenainte ca armisti\u0163iul cu Germ. s\u0103 \u00eencheie Ir.m.,  dar declara\u0163ia celor 14 puncte a devenit baza termenilor capitul\u0103rii  Germ., a\u015fa cum,s-a legiferat la Versailles.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/blogger.g?blogID=4202955034125599721\" name=\"more\"><\/a> P\u00e2n\u0103 la  urm\u0103, doar 4 puncte au fost adoptate complet \u00een reconstruc\u0163ia postbelic\u0103  a Eur., iar SUA au refuzat s\u0103 ratifice Tr.de la Versailles.Cele 14  puncte din discursul preziden\u0163ial fuseser\u0103 stabilite pe baza  cercet\u0103rilor f\u0103cute de o echip\u0103 de cam 150 de consilieri condu\u015fi de  colonelul Edward M. House, consilierul lui W. pe probleme de  pol.extern\u0103, \u015fi erau concepute s\u0103 anticipeze conferin\u0163a de  pace.Discursul lui W. lua multe dintre principiile progresiste care  fuseser\u0103 folosite p\/t reformele interne din SUA \u015fi le transpusese \u00een  pol. extern\u0103: libertatea comer\u0163ului, tratatele deschise, democra\u0163ia \u015fi  autodeterminarea. Discursul celor 14 puncte a fost singura declara\u0163ie  oficial\u0103 prin care un participant la conflagra\u0163ia mondial\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi  recuno\u015ftea public obiectivele particip\u0103rii la r\u0103zboi.Discursul era, de  asemenea, un r\u0103spuns la Decretul asupra p\u0103cii al lui V.I.Lenin din  octombrie 1917, care propunea o retragere imediat\u0103 a Rusiei din r\u0103zboi, o  pace democratic\u0103 \u015fi dreapt\u0103, care nu implica anex\u0103ri teritoriale.  Dintre cele 14 puncte, <i>8 trebuiau s\u0103 fie considerate obligatorii<\/i> spre a fi \u00eenf\u0103ptuite, iar celelalte erau considerate, ca s-ar <i>\u201ecuveni\u201d<\/i> realizate, fiindc\u0103, dup\u0103 parerea pre\u015f. american, nu erau absolut indispensabile.<b>1.<\/b>diploma\u0163ia  deschis\u0103 &#8221; nu vor mai exista acorduri interna\u0163ionale private de niciun  fel, ci doar conven\u0163ii de \u00eencheiate deschis\u2019\u2019. <b>2.<\/b> liberul acces la mare.<b>3.<\/b> \u00cenl\u0103turarea barierilor comerciale. <b>4.<\/b>Dezarmarea  era propus\u0103 la nivel mondial, ca o cerin\u0163\u0103 obligatorie p\/t men\u0163inerea  p\u0103cii, iar &#8220;toate armamentele na\u0163ionale vor fi reduse p\u00e2na la ultimul  punct compatibil cu securitatea \u0163\u0103rii\u2019\u2019 <b>5.<\/b>rezolvarea impar\u0163ial\u0103 a disputelor coloniale. <b>6.<\/b>evacuarea teritoriilor ruse\u015fti.<b>7.<\/b>Belgia  trebuia evacuat\u0103 \u015fi restaurat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 nicio tentativ\u0103 de limitare a  suveranit\u0103\u0163ii de care ea se bucura \u00eempreun\u0103 cu alte na\u0163iuni libere.<b>8.<\/b>\u00cenfiin\u0163area  unei Ligi a Na\u0163iunilor(pun.14) Acesta sus\u0163inea crearea unei institu\u0163ii  interna\u0163. de men\u0163inere a p\u0103cii, o organiza\u0163ie care s\u0103 fie &#8220;at\u00e2t a celor  mari, c\u00e2t \u015fi a celor mici\u201d,aceasta L.N. era bazat\u0103 pe principiul  securit\u0103\u0163ii colective a tuturor statelor, care doreau respectarea  conven\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale.  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pe celelalte 6 Wilson<\/span> lea prezentat ca <i>\u201esar cuveni\u201d<\/i>relizate:<b>9.<\/b> reintrarea Alsaciei \u015fi Lorenei \u00een posesia Fr.;<b>10.<\/b>autonomia minorit\u0103\u0163ilor din Imp.Austro-Ungar \u015fi din cel Otoman;<b>11.<\/b>reajustarea frontierilor It.;<b>12.<\/b>evacuarea Balc.;<b>13.<\/b>interna\u0163ionalizarea Dardanelelor;<b>14.<\/b>crearea  unei Polonii independente,cu acces liber \u015fi direct la mare. Opozi\u0163ia  francezilor \u015fi britanicilor la cele 14 puncte a devenit evident\u0103 dup\u0103  \u00eencetarea ostilit\u0103\u0163ilor: britanicii erau \u00eempotriva liberei naviga\u0163ii  maritime, iar francezii pretindeau desp\u0103gubiri de r\u0103zboi. Wilson a fost  obligat s\u0103 fac\u0103 numeroase compromisuri p\/t a se asigura c\u0103 punctul 14,  cel care privea \u00eenfiin\u0163area Ligii Na\u0163iunilor, avea s\u0103 fie acceptat de  toate p\u0103r\u0163ile. Wilson a fost recompensat cu Premiul Nobel pentru Pace,  \u00een 1919, p\/t eforturile sale de reinstaurare a p\u0103cii. Ideile sale au  inspirat mi\u015fc\u0103ri de eiberare din toat\u0103 lumea, inclusiv Mi\u015fcarea 1 Martie  din Coreea. Senatul SUA a refuzat s\u0103 ratifice Tratatul de la Versailles  \u015fi a paralizat, \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput, Liga Na\u0163iunilor visat\u0103 de  Wilson.S-a mai afirmat c\u0103 \u00eensu\u015fi pre\u015fedintele Wilson a fost un obstacol  al ratific\u0103rii tratatului, el fiind nemul\u0163umit at\u00e2t de preten\u0163iile  Senatului, c\u00e2t \u015fi de cele ale Alia\u0163ilor.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Cele 14 puncte&#8221; au fost prezentate de W.Wilson \u00een sesiunea comun\u0103 a Congresului din 8 ianuarie 1918. \u00cen discursul s\u0103u, Wilson a \u00eencercat s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 un proiect viabil p\/t restabilirea p\u0103cii \u00een Europa dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea Ir.m. Idealismul demonstrat de Wilson \u00een timpul discursului i-a oferit pre\u015f. american o pozi\u0163ie de conducere printre Alia\u0163i \u015fi a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Cele 14 puncte&quot;. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/25\/cele-14-puncte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Cele 14 puncte&quot;. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8220;Cele 14 puncte&#8221; au fost prezentate de W.Wilson \u00een sesiunea comun\u0103 a Congresului din 8 ianuarie 1918. \u00cen discursul s\u0103u, Wilson a \u00eencercat s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 un proiect viabil p\/t restabilirea p\u0103cii \u00een Europa dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea Ir.m. 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