{"id":27659,"date":"2011-02-26T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-26T10:12:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:47:28","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:47:28","slug":"criza-de-la-sarajevo-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/26\/criza-de-la-sarajevo-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Criza de la Sarajevo."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen Serbia existau un \u015fir de organiza\u0163ii na\u0163ionaliste, care aveau drept  scop unificarea slavilor de sud \u015fi crearea \u201eSerbiei Mari\u201d. Printre  ofi\u0163erii armatei s\u00e2rbe exista o organiza\u0163ie secret\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201em\u00e2na  neagr\u0103\u201d,scopul c\u0103reia era eliberarea s\u00e2rbilor afla\u0163i sub domina\u0163ia  Austro-Ungariei. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, prin\u0163ul mo\u015ftenitor al Austro-Ungariei-  Frantz Ferdinand preg\u0103tea un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva Serbiei. Planurile  arhiducelui erau cunoscute \u201eM\u00e2nii negre\u201d, care a pus la cale asasinarea  prin\u0163ului mo\u015ftenitor. La 28 iunie, 1914 Frantz Ferdinand a fost omor\u00e2t  \u00een ora\u015ful bosniac populat de c\u0103tre s\u00e2rbi -Sarajevo, unde sosise pentru a  asista la manevrele armatei austro-ungare. A doua zi dup\u0103 asasinat  cercurile diplomatice de la Viena se aflau \u00een dezorientare total\u0103.  Comandantul militar suprem cerea declararea unui r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva  Serbiei. Acesta era sus\u0163inut \u015fi de ministrul afacerilor interne, contele  Berhtold. \u00cens\u0103 primul-ministru Ungariei-contele Tissa- se pronun\u0163a cu  vehemen\u0163\u0103 \u00eempotriva unui r\u0103zboi, iar opinia sa era deosebit de  important\u0103<a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a> \u00een luarea unor decizii la nivel de stat.  \u00cemp\u0103ratul, deja destul de b\u0103tr\u00e2n, con\u015ftientiz\u00e2nd necesitatea lu\u0103rii unei  decizii s-a adresat c\u0103tre principalul s\u0103u aliat-imperiul German. Chiar  \u015fi comandantul militar suprem afirma c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ajutor din partea Germaniei  este deosebit de riscant un r\u0103zboi. Astfel, la prima etap\u0103 a crizei de  la Sarjevo, chestiunea cu privire la r\u0103zboi a fost discutat\u0103 la Berlin.  Frantz Joseph a trimis o scrisoare personal\u0103 lui Wilhelm II, \u00een care  men\u0163iona c\u0103 complicitatea guvernului s\u00e2rb nu va putea fi demonstrat\u0103 \u015fi  faptul c\u0103 Serbia trebuie \u00eenl\u0103turat\u0103 din Balcani \u00een calitate de factor  politic, deoarece promoveaz\u0103 o politic\u0103 orientat\u0103 \u00eempotriva casei de  Habsburg. Conflictul austro-ungaro-s\u00e2rb nu era o noutate, \u00eens\u0103 de mai  multe ori s-a reu\u015fit evitarea unui r\u0103zboi: fie Imperiul \u0162arist, din  cauza nepreg\u0103tiri sale militare, reu\u015fea s\u0103 conving\u0103 guvernul s\u00e2rb despre  inutilitatea unui r\u0103zboi, fie Germania \u00ee\u0163i convingea aliatul despre  inoportunitatea unui conflict militar, deoarece singur\u0103 nu era  preg\u0103tit\u0103. De data aceasta imperiul german a apreciat conjunctura creat\u0103  drept una favorabil\u0103: Imperiul \u0162arist \u00eenc\u0103 nu era preg\u0103tit din punct de  vedere militar. Astfel, dac\u0103 Rusia nu se va implica \u00een conflictul  austro-ungaro-s\u00e2rb, atunci Imperiul Austro-ungar va reu\u015fi s\u0103 nimiceasc\u0103  Serbia, ceea ce va constitui un serios avantaj pentru blocul  austro-ungaro-german. Dac\u0103, totu\u015fi, Imperiul \u0162arist va decide s\u0103 se  \u00eencadreze \u00een r\u0103zboi, atunci se va declan\u015fa o conflagra\u0163ia de amploare \u00een  condi\u0163ii avantajoase pentru Germania. La 5 iulie 1914, Wilhelm II l-a  primit pe delegatul austriac Segheny, \u00een palatul din Potsdam \u015fi i-a dat  indica\u0163ii clare de a nu \u00eent\u00e2rzia cu declararea r\u0103zboiului fa\u0163\u0103 de  Serbia, deoarece Germania va acorda Austro-ungariei acordul militar  cuvenit. \u00cen acest fel, Wilhelm II a asigurat victoria partidului de  orientare militarist\u0103 de la Viena, iar pasul principal spre declan\u015farea  primului r\u0103zboi mondial a fost astfel f\u0103cut. La 7 iulie 1914, la Viena a  avut loc o \u015fedin\u0163\u0103 a Consiliului de Mini\u015ftri (cu excep\u0163ia lui Tissa),  \u00een decursul c\u0103ruia s-a luat decizia ferm\u0103 de a declara r\u0103zboi Serbiei,  \u00eens\u0103 datorit\u0103 opozi\u0163iei primului-ministru, nu se trecea la ac\u0163iuni  concrete. Pozi\u0163ia lui Tissa se explica prin faptul c\u0103 \u00een caz de victorie  ar ap\u0103rea pericolul anex\u0103rii regiunilor slave, ceea ce ar substitui  dualismul austro-ungar cu un trialism austro-ungaro-slav, fiind \u00een acest  mod subminat \u015fi mai mult rolul Ungariei. \u00cen caz de \u00eenfr\u00e2ngere, primul  ministru ungar prevedea posibilitatea destr\u0103m\u0103rii vechiului Imperiu  Austro-ungar. \u00cen ultim\u0103 instan\u0163\u0103, c\u0103tre mijlocul lunii iulie, contele  Tissa a fost convins de necesitatea de a declara r\u0103zboi Serbiei. \u00centre  timp, cercurile diplomatice ale statelor membre ale Antantei nu au r\u0103mas  indiferente, ci \u00eencercau s\u0103 fac\u0103 diferite jocuri diplomatice. La 20  iulie 1914 la Peterburg a sosit pre\u015fedintele Fran\u0163ei -Poincaree, care a  declarat c\u0103 \u00een caz de r\u0103zboi cu Germania, Fran\u0163a \u00ee\u015fi va onora  responsabilit\u0103\u0163ile sale de aliat. \u00centre timp la Viena s-a decis ca  \u00eenm\u00e2narea ultimatumului s\u0103 fie am\u00e2nat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la plecarea pre\u015fedintelui  francez din Rusia. Imediat dup\u0103 plecarea acestuia, guvernul vienez i-a  ordonat trimisului lor la Belgrad ca la data de 23 iulie s\u0103 \u00eenainteze  guvernului s\u00e2rg un ultimatum de 48 de ore. Ultimatumul se \u00eencepea cu  acuzarea guvernului s\u00e2rb de toleran\u0163\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de mi\u015fcarea anti-austriac\u0103 \u015fi  chiar de acte de terorism. Austro-ungaria cerea condamnarea public\u0103 a  oric\u0103rui tip de propagand\u0103 sau agita\u0163ie \u00eempotriva Austriei. \u00cen  continuare urmau 10 revendic\u0103ri cu caracter mai concret: interzicerea  presei de orientare anti-austriac\u0103, \u00eenchiderea organiza\u0163iilor  anti-austriece, participarea guvernului austriac la \u00een\u0103bu\u015firea mi\u015fc\u0103rii  anti-austriece de pe teritoriul Serbiei, pedepsirea persoanelor care au  organizat asasinatul de la Sarajevo. Textul ultimatumului austriac era  redactat \u00eentr-un asemenea mod, \u00eenc\u00e2t un stat care \u0163ine la reputa\u0163ia sa  interna\u0163ional\u0103, nu l-ar fi acceptat niciodat\u0103. \u00cen aceste condi\u0163ii,  guvernul s\u00e2rb s-a adresat dup\u0103 ajutor Rusiei, declar\u00e2nd c\u0103 nu poate  accepta asemenea condi\u0163ii, care ar lipsi-o de suveranitate. La 25 iulie,  premierul s\u00e2rb Pashich a prezentat r\u0103spunsul guvernului s\u00e2rb. Nota  s\u00e2rb\u0103 era alc\u0103tuit\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod destul de diplomatic: Serbia nu  respingea cu vehemen\u0163\u0103 cerin\u0163ele Viene. De\u015fi cu unele ezit\u0103ri, totu\u015fi, 9  dintre cele 10 puncte au fost acceptate. Se respingea doar participarea  autorit\u0103\u0163ilor austriece la anchetarea asasin\u0103rii prin\u0163ului Frantz  Ferdinand. \u00cen aceia\u015fi sear\u0103 misiunea diplomatic\u0103 austro-ungar\u0103 a p\u0103r\u0103sit  Belgradul. \u00cen aceea\u015fi zi, Wilhelm II a cerut lui Nicolai II s\u0103  \u00eentrerup\u0103 preg\u0103tirea de r\u0103zboi, \u00een caz contrar, Germania va declara  mobilizare general\u0103. La 31 iulie, delegatul german a declarat la  Peterburg c\u0103, dac\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 august, Imperiul \u0162arist nu se va  demobiliza, atunci \u015fi Germania va declara mobilizare general\u0103.  Autorit\u0103\u0163ile \u0163ariste au dat un r\u0103spuns negativ, iar la 1 august,  Germania a ini\u0163iat mobilizare total\u0103. Astfel, criza d la Sarajevo nu a  fost dep\u0103\u015fit\u0103, ci a degenerat \u00eentr-un r\u0103zboi de propor\u0163ii mondiale.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen Serbia existau un \u015fir de organiza\u0163ii na\u0163ionaliste, care aveau drept scop unificarea slavilor de sud \u015fi crearea \u201eSerbiei Mari\u201d. Printre ofi\u0163erii armatei s\u00e2rbe exista o organiza\u0163ie secret\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201em\u00e2na neagr\u0103\u201d,scopul c\u0103reia era eliberarea s\u00e2rbilor afla\u0163i sub domina\u0163ia Austro-Ungariei. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, prin\u0163ul mo\u015ftenitor al Austro-Ungariei- Frantz Ferdinand preg\u0103tea un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva Serbiei. Planurile arhiducelui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Criza de la Sarajevo. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/26\/criza-de-la-sarajevo-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Criza de la Sarajevo. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen Serbia existau un \u015fir de organiza\u0163ii na\u0163ionaliste, care aveau drept scop unificarea slavilor de sud \u015fi crearea \u201eSerbiei Mari\u201d. Printre ofi\u0163erii armatei s\u00e2rbe exista o organiza\u0163ie secret\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201em\u00e2na neagr\u0103\u201d,scopul c\u0103reia era eliberarea s\u00e2rbilor afla\u0163i sub domina\u0163ia Austro-Ungariei. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, prin\u0163ul mo\u015ftenitor al Austro-Ungariei- Frantz Ferdinand preg\u0103tea un r\u0103zboi \u00eempotriva Serbiei. 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