{"id":27569,"date":"2011-02-28T13:54:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-28T13:54:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:47:07","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:47:07","slug":"viata-sociala-in-epoca-moderna-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/viata-sociala-in-epoca-moderna-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Via\u0163a social\u0103 \u00een epoca modern\u0103."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Istoria moderna, care cuprinde epoca istorica situata intre evul mediu si perioada contemporana, se caracterizeaza prin aparitia, dezvoltarea si stabilirea relatiilor capitaliste. Transformarile innoitoare ale vietii sociale sau datorat atat reformelor, cat si revolutiilor burgheze, care s-au desfasurat in multe tari ale lumii de-a lungul intregii epoci moderne. Revolutiile burgheze, numite de istorici si revolutii moderne, se deosebesc sub raportul premiselor, obiectivelor, fortelor motrice, metodelor si consecintelor lor. Scopul acestora a fost asigurarea dezvoltarii libere a societatii in baza principiilor politice moderne, respectarii drepturilor naturale ale cetatenilor, suveranitatii <\/a>poporului. In epoca moderna burghezia era principala categorie sociala, ce s-a manifestat mai timpuriu in Europa Apuseana, cu timpul ea devenind forta politica conducatoare. S-a impus la inceput in orasele-cetati italiene (sec. XIV-XV), apoi in Olanda (sec. XVI), unde, datorita ei, tara si-a obtinut independenta. in sec. XVI-XVIII forta economica a burgheziei, treptat, a sporit, ea intrand in conflict direct cu societatea, care apara interesele nobililor. Deoarece societatea medievala nu favoriza spiritul de initiativa economica, concurenta, caracteristice activitatii burgheziei, ea a cautat sa se afirme prin lupta pentru puterea politica, fie singura, fie in colaborare cu alte paturi sociale. Burgheziei i se opunea nobilimea, care ocrotea formele medievale de organizare a societatii, in principalele tari occidentale contradictia intre fortele sociale sustinatoare a vechiului regim si cele cointeresate in dezvoltarea societatii a fost solutionata prin revolutia moderna. Societatea civilizatiei industriale in cea de-a doua perioada a epocii moderne s-a caracterizat in linii majore printr-o crestere demografica considerabila si printr-un masiv proces de urbanizare necunoscut pina atunci. Mijl. sec al 19-lea a marcat finalul epocii revolutiilor burgheze si in continuare sicietatea industriala a evoluat fara mari tulburari sociale. Afirmarea regimurilor politice constitutionale, largirea drepturilor de vot, accesul tot mai larg al maselor la conducerea statelor au deschis calea reformelor. Se constituie partide politice de tip nou, se contureaza principalele teorii- conservatorismul, liberalismul, socialismul etc., care reflecta interesele diferitelor clase si categorii sociale. Problemele cele mai importante sunt generate de contradictiile dintre munca si capital, masele de muncitori si burghezia industriala si financiara. Au luat amploare miscarile populare pt democratizarea vietii politice, emanciparea femeilor, secularizare, miscare pacifistaetc. Incepind cu epoca moderna, cunoastem o dezvoltare definitiva a civilizatiei industriale. Progresul economic inregistreaza indici nemaiintilniti pina atunci. Procesele de concentrare a productiei si capitalurilor duc la avansarea capitalismului liberal la trapta capitalismului monopolist. Procesele economice si social-politice sunt conditionate masiv de \u00abrevolutia in stiinta\u00bb. Descoperirile, inovatiile, inventiile transpuse in tehnologii moderne au redus dependenta omului de mediul natral, i-au schimbat conditiile de locuire, i-au secularizat constiinta si i-au dus incredere optimista in spiritul practic si progresul continuu. Epoca moderna este dominata de Europa si SUA, care au impartit si vor face numeroase incercari de reimpartire a lumii in colonii, semicolonii si zone de influenta. Progresul economic al Europei este insotit de o adevarata revolutie demografica pe continent. Intre anii 1850-1914 populatia tarilor europene a crescut de la 266 la 445 mln. De oameni, la care de mai adauga peste 35 mln. care au emigrat. Astfel, Europa are acum cea mai mare densitate a populatiei din lume- 40 oameni la km2<\/sup>, peste un sfert din totalul populatiei globului locuind pe acest continent. Fiecare stat a inregistrat cresteri demografice specifice. Astfel, in Anglia procesul a inceput mai devreme, populatia FR a crescut lent, iar a GER si RUS doarte rapid. Explicatia fenomenului se gaseste intr-o modificare profunda a raportului dintre natalitate si mortalitate. Elementul esential il constituie scaderea, in timp de 50 de ani, a mortalitatii cu peste 33% si cresterea natalitatii cu 5-10%. Durata medie de viata s-a marit cu 10 ani, ajungind la 50-55 ani. Doua serii de progrese au conditionat acest lucru: pe de o parte, imbogatirea regimului alimentar a facut posibila inlaturarea foametei in majoritatea regiunilor Europei, pe de alta parte, progresul medicinii, prin vaccinuri si igiena, a adus pupulatiei arme importante in lupta impotriva bolilor. Epidemia de ciuma, holera, rujeola nu mai secera atitea vieti. Se creeaza industria farmaceutica, care livreaza primele medicamente folosite in masa, cum ar fi celebra aspirina. Rolul dominant in sociatatea industraiala l-a asumat burghezia. La celalant pol al socetatii industriale se gasea clasa muncitoare. In anii 50-60 se afirma proletariatul. In acea perioada el numara circa 20 mln. de oameni catre 1910 nr. muncitorilor salariati a crescut la 90 mln. In MB alcatuiau circa 2\/3 in populatie, in GER. si SUA \u00bd in FR, Austro-Ungaria 1\/3. <\/div>\n
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Istoria moderna, care cuprinde epoca istorica situata intre evul mediu si perioada contemporana, se caracterizeaza prin aparitia, dezvoltarea si stabilirea relatiilor capitaliste. Transformarile innoitoare ale vietii sociale sau datorat atat reformelor, cat si revolutiilor burgheze, care s-au desfasurat in multe tari ale lumii de-a lungul intregii epoci moderne. Revolutiile burgheze, numite de istorici si revolutii […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nVia\u0163a social\u0103 \u00een epoca modern\u0103. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/viata-sociala-in-epoca-moderna-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Via\u0163a social\u0103 \u00een epoca modern\u0103. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Istoria moderna, care cuprinde epoca istorica situata intre evul mediu si perioada contemporana, se caracterizeaza prin aparitia, dezvoltarea si stabilirea relatiilor capitaliste. 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