{"id":27555,"date":"2011-02-28T13:57:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-28T13:57:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:47:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:47:01","slug":"marile-puteri-si-razboaile-balcanice-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/marile-puteri-si-razboaile-balcanice-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Marile Puteri \u015fi r\u0103zboaile balcanice."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>Purtate de valul revolutiei franceze popoarele balcanice s-au  trezit in a doua jumatate a secolului al XIX-lea in fata posibilitatii  ca dupa aproape jumatate de mileniu de influienta si ocupatie otomana sa  isi poata indeplini visele: cel de neatarnare, independenta si  autonomie dar si intregire teritoriala. Constientizarea apartenentei la  neam a populatiei a facut ca aceste miscari, la inceput razlete si  locale, sa capete o tenta regionala, transformand astfel balcanii intr-o  adevarata zona de conflict caracterizata printr-o stare de  incertitudine; putand izbucni oricand un conflict atat intre statele  balcanice cat si intre marile puteri care aveau un interes cu totul  aparte in balcani. Aceste manifestari au inceput sa capete avant pe  seama perioadei de covalescenta a Imperiului Otoman ce era slabit atat  de conflictele interne cat si de celebrele razboaie ce caracterizeaza  perioada cunoscuta in istorie drept \u201eCriza Orientala\u201d din care Poarta  iesise foarte sifonata si destul de slabita. Si desi avea in subordine  numeroase teritorii in Europa se vede <a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a>amenintata de  pierderea acestora, in aceste conditii se iau o serie de masuri  administrative pentru a preintampina acest lucru, dar cum criza se  prelungeste pierderea teritotiilor europene devine o chestiune de  timp&#8230; constientizand de acest fapt Bulgaria impreuna cu Serbia si  Grecia incep negocierile pentru crearea unei coalitii de aparare in  cazul interventiei unui stat ce avea sa pericliteze existenta unuia  dintre cele doua state astfel se naste Liga Balcanica. R\u0103zboaiele  Balcanice au fost dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie \u00een Europa de sud-est \u00een 1912-1913 \u00een  timpul c\u0103rora statele Ligii Balcanice (Bulgaria, Muntenegru, Grecia, \u015fi  Serbia) \u00eent\u00e2i au cucerit teritoriile otomane Macedonia, Albania \u015fi  majoritatea Traciei, \u015fi apoi nu s-au \u00een\u0163eles asupra \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irii  teritoriilor cucerite.Cadrul r\u0103zboaielor se afl\u0103 \u00een incompleta apari\u0163ie a  statelor na\u0163ionale \u00een r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele Imperiului Otoman \u00een secolul al  XIX-lea. S\u00e2rbii au ob\u0163inut importante teritorii \u00een urma r\u0103zboiului  ruso-turc 1877-78, iar Grecia a ob\u0163inut Tesalia \u00een 1881 (de\u015fi a pierdut o  mic\u0103 parte \u00een favoarea Imperiului Otoman \u00een 1897) iar Bulgaria (un  principat autonom \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1878) a incorporat fosta provincie  separat\u0103 Rumelia Oriental\u0103 (1885). Toate trei, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Muntenegru,  doreau teritorii adi\u0163ionale din \u00eentinsele regiuni otomane cunoscute  colectiv sub numele de Rumelia (vezi harta).Tensiunile dintre statele  balcanice legate de aspira\u0163iile rivale \u00een Macedonia \u015fi Tracia s-au  potolit oarecum \u00een urma interven\u0163iilor Marilor Puteri de la jum\u0103tatea  secolului al XIX-lea, care vizau asigurarea unei mai bune protec\u0163ii  pentru cre\u015ftinii majoritari, precum \u015fi pentru p\u0103strarea status quo.  Problema viabilit\u0103\u0163ii st\u0103p\u00e2nirii otomane a fost \u00eens\u0103 din nou pus\u0103 dup\u0103  Revolu\u0163ia Junilor Turci din iulie 1908 care l-a obligat pe sultan s\u0103  revin\u0103 asupra constitu\u0163iei susupendate.\u00cen timp ce Austro-Ungaria a  profitat de nesiguran\u0163a politic\u0103 otoman\u0103 pentru a anexa oficial  provincia otoman\u0103 Bosnia-Her\u0163egovina, pe care o ocupase \u00eenc\u0103 din 1878,  Bulgaria \u015fi-a declarat independen\u0163a complet\u0103 (Octombrie 1908), iar  grecii din Creta au proclamat unificarea cu Grecia, de\u015fi opozi\u0163ia  marilor puteri a \u00eempiedicat punerea \u00een practic\u0103 a ultimei  ac\u0163iuni.Frustrat\u0103 \u00een nord de incorporarea Bosniei de c\u0103tre  Austro-Ungaria, cu cei 825 000 de s\u00e2rbi ortodoc\u015fi (\u015fi mult mai mul\u0163i  s\u00e2rbi \u015fi simpatizan\u0163i ai s\u00e2rbilor de alte confesiuni), \u015fi obligat\u0103  (martie 1909) s\u0103 accepte anexarea \u015fi s\u0103 r\u0103str\u00e2ng\u0103 demonstra\u0163iile  anti-habsburgice printre grupurile na\u0163ionaliste s\u00e2rbe, guvernul acestei  \u0163\u0103ri a privit c\u0103tre fostele teritorii s\u00e2rbe din sud, \u00een special &#8220;Vechea  Serbia&#8221; (S\u00e2ngeacul Novi Pazar \u015fi provincia Kosovo).Ini\u0163ial sub  \u00eencurajarea agen\u0163ilor ru\u015fi, au fost \u00eencheiate o serie de \u00een\u0163elegeri:  \u00eentre Serbia \u015fi Bulgaria \u00een martie 1912 \u015fi \u00eentre Grecia \u015fi Bulgaria \u00een  mai 1912. \u00cen octombrie acela\u015fi an Muntenegru a \u00eencheiat de asemenea  \u00een\u0163elegeri cu Serbia \u015fi Bulgaria. Primul r\u0103zboi balcanic a urmat  imediat.R\u0103zboaiele au fost un precursor important al primului r\u0103zboi  mondial, deoarece Austro-Ungaria s-a alarmat de cre\u015fterea teritoriului  \u015fi statutului regional al Serbiei. Aceast\u0103 temere era \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u015fit\u0103 de  Germania, care considera Serbia un satelit al Rusiei. Cre\u015fterea puterii  s\u00e2rbe\u015fti a constribuit astfel la dorin\u0163a celor dou\u0103 Puteri Centrale de a  risca un r\u0103zboi dup\u0103 atentatul de la Sarajevo asupra arhiducelui Franz  Ferdinant al Austriei \u00een iunie 1914.Mai apoi, armata austro-ungar\u0103 a  luptat timp de trei ani pentru a reu\u015fi anexarea Serbiei \u015fi  Muntenegrului, lucru reu\u015fit atunci c\u00e2nd Bulgaria, Austro-Ungaria \u015fi  Imperiul Otoman s-au al\u0103turat Puterilor Centrale al\u0103turi de  GermaniaUrlanis a estimat \u00een Voini I Narodo-Nacelenie Europi (1960) c\u0103  \u00een r\u0103zboaiele balcanice au fost 122 000 de mor\u0163i \u00een lupt\u0103, 20 000 mor\u0163i  \u00een urma r\u0103nilor \u015fi 82 000 \u00een urma bolilor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Purtate de valul revolutiei franceze popoarele balcanice s-au trezit in a doua jumatate a secolului al XIX-lea in fata posibilitatii ca dupa aproape jumatate de mileniu de influienta si ocupatie otomana sa isi poata indeplini visele: cel de neatarnare, independenta si autonomie dar si intregire teritoriala. Constientizarea apartenentei la neam a populatiei a facut ca [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Marile Puteri \u015fi r\u0103zboaile balcanice. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/marile-puteri-si-razboaile-balcanice-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marile Puteri \u015fi r\u0103zboaile balcanice. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Purtate de valul revolutiei franceze popoarele balcanice s-au trezit in a doua jumatate a secolului al XIX-lea in fata posibilitatii ca dupa aproape jumatate de mileniu de influienta si ocupatie otomana sa isi poata indeplini visele: cel de neatarnare, independenta si autonomie dar si intregire teritoriala. 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