{"id":27545,"date":"2011-02-28T14:07:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-28T14:07:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:47:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:47:01","slug":"unificarea-italiei-si-semnificatia-ei-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/unificarea-italiei-si-semnificatia-ei-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Unificarea Italiei \u015fi semnifica\u0163ia ei istoric\u0103."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dup\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea revolu\u0163iei din anii 1848-1849, Italia a r\u0103mas  f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163at\u0103, afl\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een mare parte, subjug str\u0103in. Lombardia \u015fi  Vene\u0163ia continuau s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte din Imperiul Habsburgic. \u00een Parma,  Modena \u015fi Toscana au fost restabili\u0163i, cu ajutorul armatei austriece,  monarhii, care \u00een cur\u00e2nd au anulat constitu\u0163iile din 1848. Armatele  habsburgice au ocupat Romagna, care f\u0103cea parte din Statul Papal. Papa  Pius al IX-lea a ob\u0163inut ca trupele franceze s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la  Roma. \u00een  toate aceste state s-a stabilit un regim autoritar.Desigur, f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163area  Italiei \u015fi politica conservatoare a monarhilor limitau ascensiunea  economic\u0103 a statelor italiene.Se consolida burghezia \u015fi nobilimea  liberal\u0103, care era interesat\u0103 \u00een formarea Statului Unificat Italian,  eliberat de dependen\u0163a austriac\u0103. Se forma<a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a> o pia\u0163\u0103  unic\u0103. Toate acestea au contribuit la formarea condi\u0163iilor optime pentru  unificarea Italiei \u015fi eliberarea ei de sub jugul Imperiului Habsburgic.<br \/>\nLa  13 octombrie au avut loc noi demonstra\u0163ii de strad\u0103 \u015fi o nou\u0103  consf\u0103tuire, la care Garibaldi, Crispi, Cattaneo au propus convocarea  Adun\u0103rii Constituante, \u00een vederea form\u0103rii unui stat democratic. \u00eens\u0103  \u00eempotrivirea lui Pallavicino \u015fi Conforti, ca \u015fi apelul semnat de o mie  de gardi\u015fti care insistau s\u0103 fie organizat plebiscitul, i-au f\u0103cut s\u0103  cedeze. Garibaldi \u015fi gruparea de st\u00e2nga, sub influen\u0163a lui Mazzini,  \u015fi-au concentrat for\u0163ele asupra luptei pentru unificare. Ei au reu\u015fit s\u0103  formeze o armat\u0103 care a distrus Vechiul Regim din Regatul Napolitan. \u00een  acela\u015fi timp, ei n-au acordat importan\u0163a cuvenit\u0103 luptei politice.<br \/>\nDesigur,  pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 factorul intern, un rol important l-au jucat \u015fi factorii  externi. \u00eempotriva Italiei democratice a ac\u0163ionat aproape \u00eentreaga  Europ\u0103. Austria s-ar fi folosit de situa\u0163ie pentru a-\u015fi p\u0103stra domina\u0163ia  \u00een peninsula Apenin\u0103. Napoleon al III-lea ar fi putut face un joc de  amploare, urm\u0103rind s\u0103-\u015fi supun\u0103 Italia. Chiar \u015fi Anglia, urm\u00e2nd politica  \u201eizol\u0103rii splendide&#8221;, a sus\u0163inut Campania \u201emiei&#8221; lui Garibaldi, \u015fi  interven\u0163ia armatelor piemonteze \u00een Marco \u015fi Umbria, consider\u00e2nd c\u0103  formarea unui stat italian puternic va contribui la men\u0163inerea  echilibrului european. Ea sus\u0163inea pozi\u0163ia Austriei \u015fi avea o atitudine  negativ\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de democra\u0163i. Desigur, \u00eentre marile puteri existau  serioase contradic\u0163ii, pe care Cavour, un politic iscusit, \u015ftia s\u0103 le  foloseasc\u0103.<br \/>\nPlebiscitul de la 21 octombrie a aprobat alipirea  Neapolelui \u015fi Siciliei la Regatul Sardinian. Astfel, Ia sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului  1860 Italia (\u00een afar\u0103 de Roma \u015fi Vene\u0163ia) era unificat\u0103. Parlamentul,  convocat la  Torino la 17 martie 1861, a proclamat formarea Regatului  Ita\u00aclian \u00een frunte cu regele Victor Emanuel al II-lea.<br \/>\nLiberalii  modera\u0163i au preluat puterea. Sl\u0103biciunea Partidului Ac\u0163iunii,  nerezolvarea problemei agrare \u2014 fapt care a \u00eendep\u0103rtat \u0163\u0103ranii \u2014 au  asigurat victoria liberalilor \u015fi alipirea la Regatul Sardiniei a  statelor eliberate.<br \/>\nGruparea liberalilor modera\u0163i a fost numit\u0103 \u201eDreapta Istoric\u0103&#8221;. Un ajutor important l-au acordat liberalilor Fran\u0163a \u015fi Anglia.<br \/>\nPrevederile  constitu\u0163ionale din Piemont au fost aplicate \u00een sudul \u0163\u0103rii, ceea ce a  permis unificarea legisla\u0163iei, a sistemului judiciar, vamal, a  sistemului de m\u0103suri \u015fi greut\u0103\u0163i, a deschis calea spre apropierea  economic\u0103 a teritoriilor f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163ate. Construirea rapid\u0103 a c\u0103ilor ferate a  stabilit leg\u0103turi \u00eentre diferitele regiuni ale Italiei. Se forma o  pia\u0163\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103 italian\u0103.<br \/>\nStatul italian unificat s-a confruntat la  \u00eenceput cu probleme grele. A izbucnit o r\u0103scoal\u0103 ampl\u0103 a \u0163\u0103r\u0103nimii  italiene, din cauz\u0103 c\u0103 guvernul anulase decretul de la 1 ianuarie 1861  privind \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea p\u0103m\u00e2nturilor ob\u015ftilor.<br \/>\nAt\u00e2ta vreme c\u00e2t Papa  p\u0103stra puterea sprijinindu-se pe solda\u0163ii lui Napoleon al III-lea,  Italia se g\u0103sea \u00een dependen\u0163\u0103 de Fran\u0163a.<br \/>\n\u00cen iunie 1861, la scurt\u0103  vreme dup\u0103 formarea Regatului Italian, a murit pe nea\u015fteptate contele de  Cavour. Perioada ce a urmat s-a caracterizat printr-o instabilitate  guver\u00adnamental\u0103 (\u00een decurs de 9 ani s-au schimbat 9 guverne).<br \/>\nVictor  Emanuel al II-lea a \u00eencercat s\u0103 unifice Italia pe calea r\u0103zboaielor \u015fi a  manevrelor diplomatice. El a acceptat propunerea Prusiei de a participa  la r\u0103zboiul contra Imperiului Austriac, cu condi\u0163ia s\u0103 i se retrocedeze  Vene\u0163ia.<br \/>\nDup\u0103 Tratatul de pace de la Viena a urmat procedura  \u00eenjositoare de transmitere a Vene\u0163iei c\u0103tre Prusia, care apoi a cedat-o  Italiei. Tratatul de pace de la  Vene\u0163ia a provocat revolte \u00een Italia.  Garibaldi \u015fi democra\u0163ii nu au recunoscut condi\u0163iile tratatului, \u00eens\u0103  Victor Emanuel s-a supus condi\u0163iilor dictate de Prusia \u015fi Austria.  Astfel, \u00een afara grani\u0163elor r\u0103m\u00e2nea numai Roma.<br \/>\nAbia \u00een 1870, ca  rezultat al R\u0103zboiului franco-prusian \u015fi al \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerii de la  Sedan,  corpul francez a fost rechemat din Roma. La 20 septembrie 1870, armatele  italiene, dup\u0103 o scurta b\u0103t\u0103lie, au intrat \u00een Roma, care din vara  anului 1871 a devenit capitala Italiei.<br \/>\nImediat dup\u0103 luarea Romei  parlamentul italian a adoptat o lege care prevedea inviolabilitatea  papei \u015fi un subsidiu \u00een favoarea acestuia \u00een sum\u0103 de 3 milioane lire  anual. Papa a p\u0103strat palatul de la Vatican, dar, fiind nemul\u0163umit, s-a  declarat \u201eprizonierul ve\u015fnic al statului italian&#8221;.<br \/>\nAstfel, s-a  des\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit formarea statului na\u0163ional italian. S-a pus cap\u0103t dependen\u0163ei  Italiei de Austria \u015fi de puterea laic\u0103 a Papei.<br \/>\nSolu\u0163ionarea problemei istorice a \u0163\u0103rii &#8211; unificarea &#8211; a deschis calea spre progresul social \u015fi spre formarea na\u0163iunii italiene.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea revolu\u0163iei din anii 1848-1849, Italia a r\u0103mas f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163at\u0103, afl\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een mare parte, subjug str\u0103in. Lombardia \u015fi Vene\u0163ia continuau s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte din Imperiul Habsburgic. \u00een Parma, Modena \u015fi Toscana au fost restabili\u0163i, cu ajutorul armatei austriece, monarhii, care \u00een cur\u00e2nd au anulat constitu\u0163iile din 1848. Armatele habsburgice au ocupat Romagna, care f\u0103cea parte [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unificarea Italiei \u015fi semnifica\u0163ia ei istoric\u0103. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/unificarea-italiei-si-semnificatia-ei-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unificarea Italiei \u015fi semnifica\u0163ia ei istoric\u0103. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dup\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea revolu\u0163iei din anii 1848-1849, Italia a r\u0103mas f\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163at\u0103, afl\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een mare parte, subjug str\u0103in. Lombardia \u015fi Vene\u0163ia continuau s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte din Imperiul Habsburgic. \u00een Parma, Modena \u015fi Toscana au fost restabili\u0163i, cu ajutorul armatei austriece, monarhii, care \u00een cur\u00e2nd au anulat constitu\u0163iile din 1848. 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