{"id":27543,"date":"2011-02-28T14:08:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-28T14:08:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:46:56","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:46:56","slug":"revolutia-din-anii-20-30-ai-sec-al-xix-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/revolutia-din-anii-20-30-ai-sec-al-xix-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Revolu\u0163ia din anii 20-30 ai sec. al XIX-lea \u00een statele italiene."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul celui de-al doilea deceniu al sec. al XLX-lea agita\u0163iile au  dep\u0103\u015fit cadrul organizatoric al societ\u0103\u0163ilor men\u0163ionate. \u00een anul 1817a  avut loc insurec\u0163ia de la Macerata, iar peste doi ani au \u00eenceput  mi\u015fc\u0103rile politice din Sicilia, care \u015fi mai mult s-au intensificat sub  influen\u0163a evenimentelor din Spania, din anul 1820. C\u00e2nd au aflat de  constitu\u0163ia spaniol\u0103, ofi\u0163erii carbonari din garnizoana de la Nola, sub  conducerea generalului Guglielmo Pepe, au ini\u0163iat mi\u015fcarea pentru  constitu\u0163ie. Trupele credincioase regelui au fost \u00eenfr\u00e2nte \u00een zilele de 1  \u015fi 2 iulie, revolu\u0163ionarii ocup\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva centre importante. Sub  presiunea manifesta\u0163iilor din regat, la care au participat \u015fi alte for\u0163e  sociale, regele <a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a>Ferdinand al II-lea al Regatului  Celor dou\u0103 Sicilii, a decis, la 6 iulie 1820, s\u0103 formeze un guvern nou  \u015fi s\u0103 adopte noua constitu\u0163ie. La 1 octombrie 1820 se \u00eentrunea primul  parlament al Siciliei, format pe baza noii constitu\u0163ii. Din p\u0103cate,  parlamentul nu avea o compozi\u0163ie unitar liberal\u0103, fiind \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it \u00een dou\u0103  tabere. Unii sus\u0163ineau unirea cu Neapole, al\u0163ii erau pentru autonomie.  Contradic\u0163iile au \u015fubrezit tab\u0103ra liberal\u0103 \u015fi astfel rezultatele  dezbaterilor au fost sterile \u015fi limitate. De altfel, regimul  constitu\u0163ional nu s-a men\u0163inut prea mult. \u00een martie 1821, cu ajutorul  austriecilor, regele Ferdinand a abrogat regimul constitu\u0163ional. La  \u00eenceputul anului 1821 \u00een Piemont au avut loc mai multe manifesta\u0163ii, la  care au participat studen\u0163i \u015fi alte grup\u0103ri socio-profesionale. La 9  martie 1821, ofi\u0163erii \u015fi solda\u0163ii carbonari din garnizoana Alessandria  au pornit \u00een mar\u015f spre capital\u0103, av\u00e2nd ca principal\u0103 revendicare  proclamarea unei constitu\u0163ii dup\u0103 modelul celei din Spania. Cu acest  prilej a ap\u0103rut \u015fi ideea unirii sub form\u0103 de regat &#8211; Regatul Italiei de  Sus. Este de men\u0163ionat \u015fi faptul c\u0103 unii carbonari &#8211; San Marzano,  Santarosa, Malta di Lisco \u015f.a. &#8211; au crezut c\u0103 a sosit momentul pentru un  r\u0103zboi contra Austriei. Ideea nu este lipsit\u0103 de importan\u0163\u0103, cu at\u00e2t  mai mult c\u0103 se punea \u015fi problema transform\u0103rii revoltei \u00een r\u0103zboi  popular.<br \/>\n\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea mi\u015fc\u0103rii din Piemont a marcat, pentru un timp,  triumful Restaura\u0163iei \u00een Italia. La Neapole au revenit Bourbonii, \u00een  Piemont a fost \u00eent\u0103rit\u0103 legitimitatea, iar \u00een celelalte state s-a  revenit la starea din trecut. Situa\u0163ia a devenit at\u00e2t de grea, \u00eenc\u00e2t  opozi\u0163ia a fost nevoit\u0103 s\u0103 activeze dup\u0103 grani\u0163\u0103. Intr-o form\u0103 sau alta,  mi\u015fcarea liberal\u0103 italian\u0103 a existat \u015fi a\u015ftepta un moment mai bun.  Prilejul a fost oferit de revolu\u0163ia francez\u0103 din anul 1830.<br \/>\nRevolu\u0163ia  francez\u0103 din anul 1830 i-a influen\u0163at direct pe italieni, nu at\u00e2t prin  idei, c\u00e2t prin faptul c\u0103 d\u0103dea o lovitur\u0103 principiului legitimit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi  sus\u0163in\u0103toarei acestuia \u2014 Sf\u00e2nta Alian\u0163\u0103. Prima mi\u015fcare, dup\u0103 \u015firul celor  din 1820-1821, s-a produs la Bologna (5 februarie 1831). Au urmat  mi\u015fc\u0103rile de la  Modena, Parma, Romagna \u015fi Umbrio. Din teritoriile  eliberate s-a format o unitate administrativ\u0103 denumit\u0103 Provinciile Unite  ale Italiei Centrale, cu capitala la  Bologha. Este evident c\u0103  mi\u015fc\u0103rile au dep\u0103\u015fit vechiul cadru al revendic\u0103rilor. Ele vizau  schimbarea guvernelor, a conduc\u0103torilor (cet\u0103\u0163enii din Modena l-au  alungat pe Francisc al I V-lea, iar la Parma s-a format un guvern local)  \u015fi eliberarea de sub domina\u0163ia str\u0103in\u0103. O mare eroare a fost p\u0103strarea  regionalismului \u015fi a municipalismului. La acestea se poate ad\u0103uga \u015fi  politica conservatoare a Papei Grigore al XVI-lea, urma\u015ful lui Pius al  VlII-lea. El a refuzat s\u0103 abandoneze, temporar, puterea \u015fi s\u0103 accepte  reducerea controlului bisericii asupra administra\u0163iei. Prin atitudinea  sa, Papa a men\u0163inut \u015fi accentuat dispersarea.<br \/>\nNereu\u015fita mi\u015fc\u0103rilor a  fost cauzat\u0103 \u015fi de situa\u0163ia interna\u0163ional\u0103. (Duelul franco-austriac,  declara\u0163iile belicoase ale \u0163arului Rusiei, pozi\u0163ia Angliei fa\u0163\u0103 de Zona  Mediteranei reprezint\u0103 principalii factori ce caracterizeaz\u0103 momentul  respectiv.) Chiar \u015fi a\u015fa, situa\u0163ia putea fi exploatat\u0103, mai ales de  c\u0103tre Piemont, dac\u0103 ar fi existat unitate \u00eentre cercurile politice.  E\u015fecul a \u00eensemnat \u015fi discreditarea carboneriei, mai bine zis a tacticii  complotului celor ini\u0163ia\u0163i, \u015fi am\u00e2narea rezolv\u0103rii problemei na\u0163ionale.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul celui de-al doilea deceniu al sec. al XLX-lea agita\u0163iile au dep\u0103\u015fit cadrul organizatoric al societ\u0103\u0163ilor men\u0163ionate. \u00een anul 1817a avut loc insurec\u0163ia de la Macerata, iar peste doi ani au \u00eenceput mi\u015fc\u0103rile politice din Sicilia, care \u015fi mai mult s-au intensificat sub influen\u0163a evenimentelor din Spania, din anul 1820. C\u00e2nd au aflat de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Revolu\u0163ia din anii 20-30 ai sec. al XIX-lea \u00een statele italiene. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/02\/28\/revolutia-din-anii-20-30-ai-sec-al-xix-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Revolu\u0163ia din anii 20-30 ai sec. al XIX-lea \u00een statele italiene. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul celui de-al doilea deceniu al sec. al XLX-lea agita\u0163iile au dep\u0103\u015fit cadrul organizatoric al societ\u0103\u0163ilor men\u0163ionate. \u00een anul 1817a avut loc insurec\u0163ia de la Macerata, iar peste doi ani au \u00eenceput mi\u015fc\u0103rile politice din Sicilia, care \u015fi mai mult s-au intensificat sub influen\u0163a evenimentelor din Spania, din anul 1820. 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