{"id":27449,"date":"2011-03-01T11:31:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-01T11:31:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:46:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:46:36","slug":"cauzele-revolutiei-engleze-de-la-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/01\/cauzele-revolutiei-engleze-de-la-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cauzele revolu\u0163iei engleze de la mijlocul sec. al XVII-lea. R\u0103zboiul civil."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u0103tre \u00eenceputul sec XVII \u00een Anglia continuau s\u0103 domine rela\u0163iile  feudale. Tot p\u0103m\u00e2ntul era considerat proprietatea \u00eemp\u0103ratului, iar  nobilimea era datoare s\u0103 achite pt folosirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului o anumit\u0103 sum\u0103  de bani \u00een caz de transmitere prin mo\u015ftenire sau v\u00e2nzare a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului  imp\u0103r\u0103tesc, nefiind proprietari absolu\u0163i. Toate or\u00e2nduielile feudale  stagnau tot mai mult dezv rela\u0163iilor capitaliste, a industriei,  comer\u0163ului \u015fi agriculturii. Mai mult, regii majorau impozitele \u015fi  birurile, fiind sus\u0163ini\u0163i de vechea nobilime \u015fi biserica englez\u0103,  incercau sa desfiin\u0163eze Parlamentul \u015fi s\u0103 abuzeze de o putere  nelimitat\u0103, adic\u0103 s\u0103 instaureze regimul monarhiei absolute. Din aceste  considerente, prima jum. a sec XVII Anglia se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o  lupt\u0103 aprig\u0103 \u00eentre 2 institu\u0163ii: <em>monarhie \u015fi parlament. <\/em>Una  dintre ele fiind \u00een opozi\u0163ie cu alta. Parlamentul \u00eens\u0103 nu lupta contra  monarhiei ci contra tendin\u0163elor acestei institu\u0163ii de a instaura  absolutismul. \u00cen martie 1628 parlamentul \u00eentreprinde o mic\u0103 ofensiv\u0103  contra monarhiei. El a elaborat \u015fi adoptat un act <em><a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a>\u201dPeti\u0163ia drepturilor<\/em>\u201d  ce con\u0163inea \u00een 1 r\u00eend fixarea bazelor legale ale prerogativelor  parlamentului \u015fi limitele \u00een care putea s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze \u00een mod legal  monarhia. Prin acest act Parlamentul condamna asemenea ac\u0163iuni ale  monarhiei care \u00een viziunea Parlamentului erau nelegitime ca: arestarea,  confiscarea averilor particulare. Insa regele Carol I Stuar fiind  nemul\u0163umit de hota\u0103r\u00eerea P \u00eel dizolv\u0103 la 10 martie 1629 urm\u00eend  guvernarea f\u0103r\u0103 P, situa\u0163ie ce a durat timp de 11 ani \u015fi constituid  perioada de apogeu a tendin\u0163elor absolutiste ale Angliei. In anii 30 ai  sec XVII s-a finalizat apropierea revolu\u0163iei burgheze engleze, care avea  drept scop lichidarea absolutismului \u015fi a altor oranduieli feudale.  Cauza principal\u0103 a rev engleze din sec XVII a rezidat in faptul c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103  lichidarea for\u0163at\u0103 a puterii regale nelimitae \u015fi a celor mai  insuportabile practici feudale a devenit imposibil\u0103 dezvoltarea  ulteripar\u0103 a rela\u0163iilor capitaliste. <em>\u00cen feb. 1639<\/em> a izbucnit  r\u0103zb. din Scotia care nu a dorit s\u0103 se supun\u0103 tendin\u0163elor absolutiste  ale lui Carol I Stuart. Armata englez\u0103 prost echipat\u0103 \u015fi instruit\u0103 a  suferit infrangere contra Scotiei \u015fi regele englez a ajuns la ni\u015fte  concesii ca la 13 aprilie 1640 s\u0103 permit\u0103 convocarea P dar care a durat 3  sapt., fiind denumit <em>Parlamentul cel scurt<\/em>. Au urmat iar\u0103\u015fi voturile \u015fi regele d\u0103 acordul de a convoca alt P intr\u00eend \u00een istorie ca <em>Parlamentul cel lung<\/em>,  care la 13 noiemb 1640 a avut prima manifestare, De la \u00eenceput P a  cerut regelui s\u0103 \u00eenl\u0103ture de pe scena pol. pe Strafford \u015fi Lod. La 8  iulie 1641 Parlamentul a \u00eenl\u0103turat bazele juridice ale absolutismuli.  Camera \u00eenstelat\u0103 cea a monarhuli, o institu\u0163ie care activa pe timpul  lipsei P si a 2 institu\u0163ie <em>\u2013 Curtea \u00cenaltei Comesiuni<\/em>, cea a  episcopatului. P. a mai elaborat \u00eenc\u0103 o lege care s\u0103 confirme dreptul P  de a adopta impozitele \u015fi d\u0103rile. In 1641 s-a produs o puternic\u0103  r\u0103scoal\u0103 a catolicilor \u00een Irlanda fiind nemul\u0163umiti de incerc\u0103rile  englezilor de ai domina. Dup\u0103 acest eveniment \u00een noiemb. 1641 P a  adoptat un act \u201c<em>Mustrarea cea mare<\/em>\u201d fiind un act extrem de  voluminous, 204 articole, unii cred c\u0103 poate fi comparat cu o  constitu\u0163ie (deci sunt fixate drepturile si obligatiunile fiacarui  cetatean). Actul a fost adoptat doar de 159 pro si 148 contra, aceast\u0103  situatie il provoac\u0103 pe rege si el trece la contraofensiv\u0103 si in <em>ianuarie 1642<\/em>  regele se decide de a da lovitura hotaratoare \u2013 s\u0103 decapiteze P insa P  era bine organizat si actiunea regelui a e\u015fuat. \u00cen 1642 regele \u00eentr-un  mod ru\u015finos p\u0103r\u0103se\u015fte Londra stabilindu-se la  New York, un punct de  sprijin al regali\u015ftilor, fiind ca o declara\u0163ie de r\u0103zboi a  Parlamentului. Acolo, el a format o armat\u0103 \u015fi a declarat r\u0103zboi  Parlamentului in toamna anului 1942, s-a declan\u015fat astfel un r\u0103zboi  civil, ce reprezenta lupta dintre clasele sociale du\u015fm\u0103noase. Ambele  for\u0163e \u00eensa nu erau preg. de razb., totusi P. incearc\u0103 sa organizeze  for\u0163ele militare contra regalit\u0103\u0163ii.Armata regelui era numit\u0103 \u201c<strong>armata cavalerilor<\/strong>\u201d iar adep\u0163ii Parlamentului- \u201c<strong>capete rotunde<\/strong>\u201d.  La 25 sept. 1643 pt a ob\u0163ine un sprijin in afara de P. din Londra si  cel din Scotia a fost infiat un acord, alianta care prevedea respectarea  mutual\u0103 a drepturilor pol. si religioase ale cet\u0103\u0163enilor celor 2 \u0163\u0103ri.  Rolul de prima persoana i-a revenit lui Oliver Cromwell obiectivul lui  fiind formartea unei armate regulate si nu una de voluntari. La 14 iunie  1645 armata lui Oliver, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Neizbi, a dat lovitura decisiv\u0103 armatei  lui Carol care a fugit la Scotia. C\u0103tre 1646 r\u0103zboiul civil, impus de  rege a luat sf\u00e2r\u015fit prin victoria for\u0163elor revolu\u0163ionare. In r\u00eendurile  armatei \u015fi a micii burghezii in anii 1646-1647 a luat nastere partidul  Levelleri,adep\u0163ii lui Lilbern, publicist politic, adeptul dreptului de  vot universal (pt b\u0103rba\u0163i). \u00cen cadrul caruia s-a elaborat kiar un  program in care se cerea votul unional, egalitatea cet\u0103\u0163enilor in fa\u0163a  legii, libertatea industriei si a comertului etc.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u0103tre \u00eenceputul sec XVII \u00een Anglia continuau s\u0103 domine rela\u0163iile feudale. Tot p\u0103m\u00e2ntul era considerat proprietatea \u00eemp\u0103ratului, iar nobilimea era datoare s\u0103 achite pt folosirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului o anumit\u0103 sum\u0103 de bani \u00een caz de transmitere prin mo\u015ftenire sau v\u00e2nzare a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului imp\u0103r\u0103tesc, nefiind proprietari absolu\u0163i. Toate or\u00e2nduielile feudale stagnau tot mai mult dezv rela\u0163iilor capitaliste, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cauzele revolu\u0163iei engleze de la mijlocul sec. al XVII-lea. 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Tot p\u0103m\u00e2ntul era considerat proprietatea \u00eemp\u0103ratului, iar nobilimea era datoare s\u0103 achite pt folosirea p\u0103m\u00e2ntului o anumit\u0103 sum\u0103 de bani \u00een caz de transmitere prin mo\u015ftenire sau v\u00e2nzare a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului imp\u0103r\u0103tesc, nefiind proprietari absolu\u0163i. 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