{"id":27407,"date":"2011-03-01T11:54:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-01T11:54:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:46:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:46:23","slug":"rolul-aliantelor-in-functionarea-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/01\/rolul-aliantelor-in-functionarea-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Rolul alian\u0163elor \u00een func\u0163ionarea principalelor modele de sistem interna\u0163ional (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar)."},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"postBody\" style=\"color: black; text-align: justify;\">Sf\u00e2r\u015fitul  R\u0103zboiului Rece \u015fi a ordinii bipolare a impus reorganizarea sistemului  mondial \u00een toate componentele sale. Schimb\u0103rile profunde petrecute  \u00eentr-un ritm f\u0103r\u0103 precedent indic\u0103 o transformare radical\u0103 nu numai a  realit\u0103\u0163ii, ci \u015fi a percep\u0163iilor \u015fi reprezent\u0103rilor lumii contemporane.  In acest sens, dovada o constituie numeroasele teorii ce au declan\u015fat la  r\u00e2ndul lor numeroase polemici. Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 amintim doar dou\u0103 dintre  ele, cea a lui Samuel P Huntington, Ciocnirea civiliza\u0163iilor, \u015fi cea a  lui Francis Fukuyama, Sf\u00e2r\u015fitul istorief7, am observa cum dezbaterea  public\u0103 \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte cadru! unor discu\u0163ii viz\u00e2nd soarta  planetei \u00een perspectiva unei \u201enoi ordini mondiale&#8221;, oferind \u00een schimb  imaginea unei dezordini globale. Identificarea, sistematizarea \u015fi  analizarea problematicii contemporane sunt doar primele etape ale  complexului demers oferit spre solu\u0163ionare \u015ftiin\u0163ei la \u00eenceputul  secolului XXI. Geopolitica, mai mult ca alt\u0103 dal\u0103 \u015fi poate mai mult ca  alte \u015ftiin\u0163e, este chemat\u0103 s\u0103 participe la interpretarea \u015fi rezolvarea  acestor probleme. Hegemonia unipolar\u0103 reprezint\u0103 unul dintre scenariile  \u00een derulare, ap\u0103rut \u00een discu\u0163iile publice o dat\u0103 cu victoria coali\u0163iei  multina\u0163ionale conduse de SUA \u00eempotriva Irakului, \u00een 1991.<a href=\"\" name=\"more\"><\/a>  Evenimentele ulterioare au demonstrat suprema\u0163ia american\u0103 \u015fi  instaurarea unui hegemonism american multilateral. \u00cen plan militar, unde  deciziile planetare, \u00een urma unor consult\u0103ri \u015fi chiar opozi\u0163ii din  partea altor state sau organiza\u0163ii interna\u0163ionale, au apar\u0163inut SUA,  atr\u0103g\u00e2ndu-i denumirea de Jandarmul planetei&#8221;. Ac\u0163iunile din Afganistan  \u015fi Irak, ulterioare atacului terorist de la 11 septembrie 2001, au  \u00eendep\u0103rtat ideea regresului posibil al SUA. \u00cen condi\u0163iile \u00een care  factorul tehnico-economic \u015fi financiar devine elementul de referin\u0163\u0103 al  puterii, SUA, dispun\u00e2nd de o economie performant\u0103 \u015fi eficient\u0103, de  resurse financiare impresionante \u015fi de p\u00e2rghiile institu\u0163iilor  financiare mondiale (Fondul Monetar Interna\u0163ional \u015fi Banca Mondial\u0103),  poate \u00eenc\u0103 rezista atacurilor Uniunii Europene, Japoniei \u015fi, mai nou,  Chinei, Rusiei \u015fi Indiei, care exercit\u0103 puternice presiuni asupra  hegemoniei economice americane. Suprema\u0163ia informa\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi cultural\u0103  este cea de-a treia component\u0103 necesar\u0103 \u015fi indispensabil\u0103 unei puteri  hegemonice. \u00een aceast\u0103 direc\u0163ie, prin re\u0163eaua informa\u0163ional\u0103 global\u0103 \u015fi  domina\u0163ia lingvistic\u0103, SUA st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u015fte f\u0103r\u0103 riscul, de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103, de a  fi detronat\u0103 din pozi\u0163ia de unic\u0103 superputere. Multilaterali\u015ftii sus\u0163in  c\u0103 alian\u0163ele \u015fi organiza\u0163iile interna\u0163ionale servesc cel mai bine  interesele Washingtonului, deoarece cointere\u00adsea\u00adz\u0103 alte state \u015fi previn  ac\u0163iunile neprietenoase. Alian\u0163a Nord-Atlantic\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne principala  garan\u0163ie a implic\u0103rii americane \u00een gestionarea principalelor probleme de  securitate ale continentului, iar cooperarea econo\u00admic\u0103, sub forma de  investi\u0163ii str\u0103ine mixte contribuie la men\u0163inerea viabili\u00adt\u0103\u0163ii  rela\u0163iilor transatlantice chiar \u015fi dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea R\u0103zboiului Rece.  Statele Unite \u015fi alia\u0163ii europeni controleaz\u0103 cele mai importante  resurse de putere, fie ele politico-militare sau economice de pe  Planet\u0103. Timp de 50 de ani, cooperarea \u00eentre actorii din acest spa\u0163iu a  asigurat supravie\u0163uirea \u201eLumii Libere&#8221;, \u00een fa\u0163a amenin\u0163\u0103rii comuniste \u015fi  a contribuit \u00een mod esen\u0163ial la destr\u0103marea Uniunii Sovietice.  Bipolarismul reprezint\u0103 un sistem asem\u0103n\u0103tor ca structur\u0103 cu sistemul  celei de-a doua jum\u0103t\u0103\u0163i a secolului XX (figura 14), numai c\u0103 rolul  URSS-ului ar fi preluat acum de o alt\u0103 mare putere. SUA au sponsorizat  diferite aliante regionale precum NATO (1949), care cuprinde SUA,  CANADA, 13 tari din vestul EUROPEI si TURCIA. URSS-ul a raspuns in 1955  prin Trataul de la Varsovia o acum inexistenta alianta sovieto-est  europeana. Ambele parti au cautat sprijin in lumea a treia, unde atat  SUA cat si URSS au investit armament si bani in diferite guverne sau  grupuri de rebeli, in continua lupta comunism-anticomunism. Cea mai  viabil\u0103 variant\u0103 a scenariului bipolarit\u0103\u0163i ar impune ca actori  principali Statele Unite ale Americii \u015fi Uniunea European\u0103.  Tripolarismul reprezint\u0103 un al doilea scenariu posibil \u00een constituirea  noului sistem de putere planetar. Ordinea tripolar\u0103, bazat\u0103 pe existen\u0163a  a trei centre de putere, tinde s\u0103 se concretizeze \u00een plan economic prin  afirmarea, de data aceasta, nu a unor state, ci a unor regiuni  integrate economic. Prima asemenea integrare regional\u0103 s-a produs la  nivelul continentului european, unde, plec\u00e2ndu-se de la Comunitatea  European\u0103 a C\u0103rbunelui \u015fi O\u0163elului, s-a ajuns \u00een prezent la fonna cea  mai complex\u0103 de integrare regional\u0103, care este Uniunea European\u0103. Un al  doilea pol de putere se constituie \u00een spa\u0163iul nord-american, unde SUA,  Canada \u015fi Mexic s-au constituit \u00een North American Free Trade Agreement  (NAFTA). Cel de-al treilea pol de putere, este constituit de Japonia \u015fi  China \u00eempreun\u0103 cu \u201etigrii&#8221; asiatici sub forma unei integr\u0103ri economice  regionale \u00een zona Asia-Pacific. \u00een cadru! celor trei regiuni  polarizatoare, pozi\u0163ia de \u201elocomotiv\u0103&#8221; economic\u0103 ar fi ocupat\u0103 de SUA  pentru spa\u0163iul nord-american, de Germania pentru Uniunea European\u0103 \u015fi de  Japonia pentru spa\u0163iul Asia-Pacific. Multipolarismul reprezint\u0103  varianta \u00een care, al\u0103turi de cele trei centre de putere, \u015fi-ar mai face  sim\u0163it\u0103 influen\u0163a una, dou\u0103 sau mai multe puteri. Afirmarea pe harta  politic\u0103 a lumii a unei lumi caracterizate, pe baze culturale, dar \u015fi  economice \u015fi politice, ca o lume islamic\u0103, impune recunoa\u015fterea acesteia  \u00een viitoarele reconfigur\u0103ri planetare. India \u015fi Rusia, ne\u00eenglobate  momentan \u00een nicio alian\u0163\u0103 regional\u0103, prezint\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103 \u00een sine ca mari  actori ai scenei politicii de putere. Hans Morgenthau afirma c\u0103  alian\u0163ele sunt o func\u0163ie necesar\u0103 a balan\u0163ei de putere ce opereaz\u0103  \u00eentr-un sistem interna\u0163ional multipolar, o component\u0103 universal\u0103 a  rela\u0163iilor interna\u0163ionale \u00eentre entit\u0103\u0163i politice, indiferent de  momentul \u015fi locul form\u0103rii lor. Organiza\u0163iile de securitate colectiv\u0103,  de\u015fi au un caracter formal, pot s\u0103 nu specifice \u00een actul lor constitutiv  obligativitatea interven\u0163iei celorlal\u0163i participan\u0163i \u00een cadrul ei, \u00een  cazul \u00een care una dintre p\u0103r\u0163ile semnatare este atacat\u0103.<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sf\u00e2r\u015fitul R\u0103zboiului Rece \u015fi a ordinii bipolare a impus reorganizarea sistemului mondial \u00een toate componentele sale. Schimb\u0103rile profunde petrecute \u00eentr-un ritm f\u0103r\u0103 precedent indic\u0103 o transformare radical\u0103 nu numai a realit\u0103\u0163ii, ci \u015fi a percep\u0163iilor \u015fi reprezent\u0103rilor lumii contemporane. In acest sens, dovada o constituie numeroasele teorii ce au declan\u015fat la r\u00e2ndul lor numeroase polemici. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rolul alian\u0163elor \u00een func\u0163ionarea principalelor modele de sistem interna\u0163ional (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar). - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/01\/rolul-aliantelor-in-functionarea-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rolul alian\u0163elor \u00een func\u0163ionarea principalelor modele de sistem interna\u0163ional (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar). - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sf\u00e2r\u015fitul R\u0103zboiului Rece \u015fi a ordinii bipolare a impus reorganizarea sistemului mondial \u00een toate componentele sale. 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