{"id":26239,"date":"2011-03-08T13:06:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-08T13:06:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:40:50","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:40:50","slug":"intreprinderile-de-comert-si-fondul-de-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/08\/intreprinderile-de-comert-si-fondul-de-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00centreprinderile de comer\u0163 \u015fi fondul de comer\u0163"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\n<\/div>\n
\u00cen sens uzual \u00eentreprinderea reprezint\u0103 unitate economic\u0103 de produc\u0163ie. \u00centreprinderea privit\u0103 \u015fi din alt punct de vedere, fiind at\u00eet un mecanism productiv, dar \u015fi un grup uman coordonat de un organizator. Fondul de comer\u0163 .Legea nu define\u015fte fondul de comer\u0163 dar face referire la acesta \u00een situa\u0163ia \u00een care el este gajat, \u00eenchiriat sau \u00eenstr\u0103inat. Fondul de comer\u0163 a fost definit ini\u0163ial ca fiind un ansamblu al bunurilor pe care comerciantul le grupeaz\u0103 afect\u00eendu-le propriului s\u0103u comer\u0163. \u00cen practic\u0103 s-a statuat c\u0103 fondul de comer\u0163 e o universalitate de fapt, de bunuri corporale \u015fi incorporale, active \u015fi pasive. “Deci fondul de comer\u0163 poate fi definit ca un ansamblu de bunuri mobile \u015fi imobile, corporale \u015fi incorporale pe care un comerciant le afecteaz\u0103 desf\u0103\u015fur\u0103rii unei activit\u0103\u0163i comerciale, \u00een scopul atragerii clienteli \u015fi, implicit, ob\u0163inerii de profit.” – Prof. dr. Stanciu D. C\u0103rpenaru. Bunuri materiale: imobilul \u00een care se exercit\u0103 comer\u0163ul dac\u0103 e proprietate al comerciantului, ma\u015fini unelte, instala\u0163ii, m\u0103rfuri, ambalaje, mobilier, materii prime, stocuri de combustibil.<\/span><\/div>\n
Bunuri incorporale: dreptul asupra numelui comercial, asupra emblemei, asupra m\u0103rcilor de fabric\u0103, a brevetelor de inven\u0163ii, dreptul de autor, dreptul asupra clientelei.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Caracteristicile fondului de comer\u0163<\/span><\/div>\n
Este o universalitate de fapt pentru c\u0103 reune\u015fte un complex de bunuri eterogene, iar aceast\u0103 reunire este rezultatul exclusiv al voin\u0163ei titularului.<\/span><\/div>\n
Fondul de comer\u0163 e un bun mobil, deoarece, de\u015fi cuprinde \u00een componen\u0163a sa \u015fi bunuri imobile, elementele care precump\u0103nesc sunt bunuri mobile. Este un bun incorporal, deoarece \u00een componen\u0163a sa precump\u0103nesc  bunurile cu caracter incorporale, care au, \u00een cadrul fondului de comer\u0163, o voca\u0163ie de statornicie mai pronun\u0163at\u0103. <\/span><\/div>\n
Din ultimele 3 caracteristici se desprind mai multe consecin\u0163e pe plan juridic:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>Datorit\u0103 obiectului lor, actele juridice privind fondul de comer\u0163 s\u00eent fapte de comer\u0163 obiective conexe (accesorii), \u015fi, deci, supuse regimului faptelor de comer\u0163; <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>Din caracterul de universalitate de fapt decurge aplicabilitatea regulilor subroga\u0163iunii;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>Pentru c\u0103 e un bun mobil, executarea silit\u0103 asupra fondului de comer\u0163 urmeaz\u0103 regulile prev\u0103zute de Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 pentru bunurile mobile; se admite ca, \u00een absen\u0163a unor dispopzi\u0163ii legale, dac\u0103 fondul de comer\u0163 con\u0163ine \u015fi bunuri imobile, urm\u0103rirea lor are loc \u00een condi\u0163iile prev\u0103zute de lege pentru executarea silit\u0103 a bunurilor imobile;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>nu poate fi ipotecat, dar poate fi gaj f\u0103r\u0103 deposedare;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>poate fi \u00eenstr\u0103inat cu acte cu titlu oneros \u015fi prin mo\u015ftenire;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>poate face obiectul unei transmisiuni prin uzufruct.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Obiectul activit\u0103\u0163ii societ\u0103\u0163ii<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
Societatea comercial\u0103 poate avea ca obiect numai efectuarea actelor de comer\u0163.<\/span><\/div>\n
Determinarea obiectului societ\u0103\u0163ii prezint\u0103 importan\u0163\u0103 deoarece:<\/span><\/div>\n
1.   <\/span><\/span>\u00een obiectul activit\u0103\u0163ii pot fi incluse numai acte de comer\u0163.<\/span><\/div>\n
2.   <\/span><\/span>anumite activit\u0103\u0163i pot fi efectuate numai de unele forme de societate:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>activitatea de asigur\u0103ri poate fi efectuat\u0103 numai de SA sau SRL;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>activitatea bancar\u0103 numai de SA.<\/span><\/div>\n
3.   <\/span><\/span>denumirea SRL trebuie s\u0103 arate obiectul de activitate.<\/span><\/div>\n
4.   <\/span><\/span>unele societ\u0103\u0163i comerciale trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un singur obiect de activitate, respectiv societ\u0103\u0163i bancare, societ\u0103\u0163i de asigur\u0103ri \u015fi casele de schimb valutar.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Determinarea obiectului de activitate trebuie s\u0103 fie explicit\u0103 \u015fi clar\u0103. Un sprijin \u00een acest sens \u00eel constituie \u201cClasificarea activit\u0103\u0163ilor economiei na\u0163ionale\u201d (CAEN), acestea cuprind \u00een ciuda denumirii sale, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 activitatea de economia na\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi alte activit\u0103\u0163i:<\/span><\/div>\n
ex.: activit\u0103\u0163i juridice, de asisten\u0163\u0103 social\u0103, activit\u0103\u0163i ale organiza\u0163iilor de pres\u0103, ale bibliotecilor, muzeelor, care nu fac parte din activit\u0103\u0163ile desf\u0103\u015furate \u00een economia na\u0163ional\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
Cerin\u0163a ca obiectul activit\u0103\u0163ii societ\u0103\u0163ilor comerciale s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 numai acte de comer\u0163 impune interdic\u0163ia constituirii unor societ\u0103\u0163i av\u00e2nd ca obiect activit\u0103\u0163i ce nu s\u00eent considerate de Codul Comercial ca acte de comer\u0163 (avocatura, medicina, \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00eentul \u015fI arta).<\/span><\/div>\n
Activitatea inclus\u0103 \u00een obiectul societ\u0103\u0163ii trebuie s\u0103 fie posibil\u0103, sub aspectul realiz\u0103rii ei practice; de asemenea activitatea trebuie s\u0103 fie licit\u0103.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Nu pot face obiectul activit\u0103\u0163ii unei societ\u0103\u0163i comerciale :<\/span><\/div>\n
1.   <\/span><\/span>activit\u0103\u0163i care potrivit legii constituie infrac\u0163iuni sau care sunt contrare altor dispozi\u0163ii legale cu caracter imperativ. (ex.: prostitu\u0163ia, proxenetismul, asocierea pentru s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015firea de infrac\u0163iuni).<\/span><\/div>\n
2.   <\/span><\/span>activit\u0103\u0163i care constituie monopol de stat.<\/span><\/div>\n
3.   <\/span><\/span>fabricarea \u015fi comercializarea de narcotice sau droguri \u00een alte scopuri dec\u00eet cele medicale.<\/span><\/div>\n
4.   <\/span><\/span>remediile secrete (vr\u0103jitorii, ghicitul \u00een c\u0103r\u0163i).<\/span><\/div>\n
5.   <\/span><\/span>imprimarea h\u0103r\u0163ilor cu caracter militar.<\/span><\/div>\n
6.   <\/span><\/span>fabricarea \u015fi comercializarea de aparatur\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00een activitatea de interceptarea convorbirilor telefonice ori de codificare far\u0103 aprobarea MI sau cu \u00eenc\u0103lcarea avizului acestuia.<\/span><\/div>\n
7.   <\/span><\/span>activit\u0103\u0163i care \u00eencalc\u0103 norme de protec\u0163ia mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/span><\/div>\n
8.   <\/span><\/span>activit\u0103\u0163i care aduc atingere intereselor de securitate \u015fi ap\u0103rare na\u0163ional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei.<\/span><\/div>\n
9.   <\/span><\/span>activit\u0103\u0163i care d\u0103uneaz\u0103 ordinii publice, s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi moralei.<\/span><\/div>\n
Unele activit\u0103\u0163i comerciale sunt supuse unor autoriz\u0103ri sau avize administrative.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>societ\u0103\u0163ile farmaceutice se \u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 cu autorizarea ministerului s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>societ\u0103\u0163ile bancare se \u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 cu autorizarea B\u0103ncii Na\u0163ionale.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>comercian\u0163ii persoane fizice trebuie s\u0103 ob\u0163in\u0103 autoriza\u0163ia prefecturii<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
Sanc\u0163iuni \u00een cadrul neregularit\u0103\u0163ii obiectului activit\u0103\u0163ii soc. comerciale.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>orice persoan\u0103 poate cere radierea \u00eenmatricul\u0103rii societ\u0103\u0163ii.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7      <\/span><\/span>imposibilitatea realiz\u0103rii obiectului de activitate are ca efect dizolvarea \u015fi lichidarea societ\u0103\u0163ii.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen sens uzual \u00eentreprinderea reprezint\u0103 unitate economic\u0103 de produc\u0163ie. \u00centreprinderea privit\u0103 \u015fi din alt punct de vedere, fiind at\u00eet un mecanism productiv, dar \u015fi un grup uman coordonat de un organizator. Fondul de comer\u0163 .Legea nu define\u015fte fondul de comer\u0163 dar face referire la acesta \u00een situa\u0163ia \u00een care el este gajat, \u00eenchiriat sau \u00eenstr\u0103inat. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00centreprinderile de comer\u0163 \u015fi fondul de comer\u0163 - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/08\/intreprinderile-de-comert-si-fondul-de-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00centreprinderile de comer\u0163 \u015fi fondul de comer\u0163 - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen sens uzual \u00eentreprinderea reprezint\u0103 unitate economic\u0103 de produc\u0163ie. \u00centreprinderea privit\u0103 \u015fi din alt punct de vedere, fiind at\u00eet un mecanism productiv, dar \u015fi un grup uman coordonat de un organizator. 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