{"id":25877,"date":"2011-03-31T17:01:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-31T17:01:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:39:06","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:39:06","slug":"umanismul-american-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/31\/umanismul-american-2\/","title":{"rendered":"UMANISMUL AMERICAN"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ideile filosofilor iluministi s-au r\u00e3sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Lumea Nou\u00e3 la fel ca \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u00e3. Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin si multi alti ctitori ai Americii au fost profund influentati de noua credint\u00e3 Protestant-Iluminist\u00e3 \u00een ratiunea omeneasc\u00e3, at\u00e2t de bine exprimat\u00e3 de Condorcet. Idea perfectibilit\u00e3tii nelimitate a speciei omenesti, nu crestinismul istoric, a fost ideologia predominant\u00e3 a experimentului american. Deoarece \u00een zorii istoriei americane tranzitia de la credinta crestin\u00e3 la materialismul secular nu se definitivase, unii din ctitorii americani continuau s\u00e3-si \u00eenzorzoneze discursurile si scrierile cu referiri, adesea personale si fervente la ideile si \u00eenv\u00e3t\u00e3tura crestin\u00e3. Cu toate acestea, asa cum istoria noastr\u00e3 ulterioar\u00e3 avea s-o arate din plin, natiunea format\u00e3 pe temelia asezat\u00e3 de ei este una agresiv secular\u00e3 ce se opunea acum aproape fiec\u00e3rei \u00eenv\u00e3t\u00e3turi morale, ierarhice si sacramentale din Biserica istoric\u00e3. <\/div>\n
            De la \u00eenceputul istoriei americane, influenta a dou\u00e3 forte secularizante anti-crestine avea s\u00e3 modeleze etosul american. Prima se reg\u00e3seste \u00een teologia Puritanismului calvin bazat\u00e3 pe dublul st\u00e2lp ideologic al fatalismului augustinian si ‘Sola Scriptura’, ostil\u00e3 traditiei bisericesti, slujirii liturgice, icoanelor, episcopilor, sacramentelor si, la fel de bine, printilor si regilor \u00eempotriva c\u00e3rora Puritanii s-au revoltat \u00een politic\u00e3. A doua fort\u00e3 anti-crestin\u00e3 avea s\u00e3 fie modelat\u00e3 de cei ca Jefferson, care, f\u00e3r\u00e3 retineri, au preluat ideile Iluminismului european si s-au str\u00e3duit s\u00e3 le aplice documentelor fundamentale ale Americii \u00een uriase doze utopice, umaniste. <\/div>\n
            Conceptul calvin al ‘alesilor’ a fost convenabil secularizat de ctitorii americani si extins sistemelor politice prin care o natiune putea s\u00e3 devin\u00e3 ‘aleas\u00e3’. Astfel c\u00e3 primii americani, at\u00e2t Puritanii c\u00e2t si umanistii din Iluminism s-au considerat cet\u00e3teni ai unei natiuni alese – oameni ai leg\u00e3m\u00e2ntului – o ‘cetate de pe colin\u00e3’.<\/div>\n
            \u00cen timp ce a devenit complet secularizat\u00e3, America Protestant\u00e3 a p\u00e3strat totusi un anumit atasament fat\u00e3 de o form\u00e3 de ‘crestinism’ diluat, comod si usor acceptabil de societate. Americanii au respins formele si mai crude ale bigotismului anti-religios manifestat de filosofii iluministi francezi, multi dintre ei st\u00e2nd la o parte si aplaud\u00e2nd decapitarea si persecutarea at\u00e2tor si at\u00e2tor preoti \u00een timpul revolutiei franceze.<\/div>\n
            Cu toate acestea, umanistii americani au adoptat cu entuziasm elemente utopice din g\u00e2ndirea iluminist\u00e3 si din curentul romantic ce i-a urmat. America, credeau ei, urma s\u00e3 fie ‘un nou paradis, \u2026un nou Canaan [care] \u00eel va dep\u00e3si pe<\/i> <\/b>primul’<\/i>, asa cum poetul laureat al Revolutiei franceze, Philip Freneau, a scris \u00een poemul s\u00e3u Gloria Americii<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/div>\n
            Noua constiint\u00e3 american\u00e3 prosl\u00e3vit\u00e3 de Freneau avea s\u00e3 fie odrasla iluminismului francez, nu a Bisericii istorice. Oric\u00e2t de secular\u00e3 era \u00een esent\u00e3, aceast\u00e3 constiint\u00e3 era str\u00e3b\u00e3tut\u00e3 de o viziune utopic\u00e3 de o intensitate religioas\u00e3. Acest vis utopic a fost, involuntar, \u00eembinat cu aspectul milenar al Protestantismului si cu determinismul fatalist al lui Calvin, permit\u00e2ndu-le astfel americanilor s\u00e3 \u00eembine \u00een mod convenabil, ceea ce istoricul Page Smith numea: ‘astept\u00e3rile utopice lumesti si dogma crestin\u00e3\u2026<\/div>\n
            Tot mai mult \u00een noua ‘utopie’ american\u00e3, p\u00e3catul a \u00eencetat s\u00e3 fie considerat drept cauz\u00e3 a crizei morale a oamenilor, iar ‘progresul materialist’ – si \u00een cele din urm\u00e3 cel economic – avea s\u00e3 fie idolatrizat tot mai mult, devenind noul ‘Dumnezeu’ care va salva poporul american ‘ales’ nu de p\u00e3cat, ci de \u00eenapoiere politic\u00e3 si economic\u00e3. S-a ajuns s\u00e3 se cread\u00e3 c\u00e3 prosperitatea va duce la bun\u00e3tate f\u00e3r\u00e3 s\u00e3 mai fie nevoie s\u00e3 se ia \u00een ecuatie problema p\u00e3catului sau a c\u00e3intei. Educatia, belsugul economic, indicii de crestere continu\u00e3, vor crea un mediu at\u00e2t de pl\u00e3cut \u00eenc\u00e2t nu va mai fi nevoie de c\u00e3int\u00e3 de vreme ce oamenii educati, bine hr\u00e3niti, democratic reprez<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ideile filosofilor iluministi s-au r\u00e3sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Lumea Nou\u00e3 la fel ca \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u00e3. Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin si multi alti ctitori ai Americii au fost profund influentati de noua credint\u00e3 Protestant-Iluminist\u00e3 \u00een ratiunea omeneasc\u00e3, at\u00e2t de bine exprimat\u00e3 de Condorcet. Idea perfectibilit\u00e3tii nelimitate a speciei omenesti, nu crestinismul istoric, a fost ideologia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nUMANISMUL AMERICAN - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/03\/31\/umanismul-american-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UMANISMUL AMERICAN - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ideile filosofilor iluministi s-au r\u00e3sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Lumea Nou\u00e3 la fel ca \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u00e3. Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin si multi alti ctitori ai Americii au fost profund influentati de noua credint\u00e3 Protestant-Iluminist\u00e3 \u00een ratiunea omeneasc\u00e3, at\u00e2t de bine exprimat\u00e3 de Condorcet. 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