{"id":25677,"date":"2011-04-05T08:43:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-05T08:43:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:38:13","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:38:13","slug":"primul-razboi-mondial-in-romania-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/04\/05\/primul-razboi-mondial-in-romania-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Primul r\u0103zboi mondial \u00een Rom\u00e2nia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201c Arhiducele Franz Ferdinand , prin\u0163ul mo\u015ftenitor al Austro \u2013 Ungariei \u015fi so\u0163ia sa , Sofia de Hohenberg , sosi\u0163i \u00een Bosnia cu ocazia manevrelor de var\u0103 ale armatei austro-ungare , pe timpul desf\u0103\u015fur\u0103rii ceremoniei de primire ce a avut loc la prim\u0103ria ora\u015fului Sarajevo , au fost asasina\u0163i de c\u0103tre Gavrilo Princip , na\u0163ionalist s\u00eerb , (\u201cAtentatul de la Sarajevo \u201c) , pretext folosit de Puterile Centrale pentru declan\u015farea primului r\u0103zboi mondial . Evenimentul a \u201csurprins\u201d cercurile guvernamentale austro-ungare care \u015fi-au \u201cpierdut capul\u201d , cu toate c\u0103 familia imperial\u0103 nu a fost prea \u201cemo\u0163ionat\u0103\u201d din cauza lipsei de simpatie pentru concep\u0163iile liberale ale mo\u015ftenitorului la coroana imperial\u0103 . Atitudinea s-a concretizat \u00een organizarea unor funerali de \u201cclasa a treia\u201d , f\u0103r\u0103 a se declara doliu na\u0163ional , Viena r\u0103m\u00een\u00eend \u201cViena valsurilor\u201d . De aceea , a r\u0103mas o enigm\u0103 faptul c\u0103 at\u00eet autorit\u0103\u0163ile militare , c\u00eet \u015fi cele civile \u015fi administrative din Sarajevo nu au luat nici o m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru a evita orice \u00eencercare de atentat .\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
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 <\/span> R\u0103zboiul Rom\u00e2niei declarat \u00een vara anului 1916 , pentru eliberarea provinciilor istorice rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u2013 Ardealul , Banatul , Cri\u015fana , Maramure\u015ful \u015fi Bucovina \u2013 de sub cotropirea monarhiei dualiste austro \u2013 ungare , ca r\u0103zboi just , na\u0163ional , a fost purtat de \u00eentregul popor rom\u00e2n . Mobilizarea decretat\u0103 \u00een seara zilei de 14\/27 august 1916 , c\u00eend s-a trimis la Viena declara\u0163ia de r\u0103zboi <\/i>a rom\u00e2niei c\u0103tre Austro \u2013 Ungaria , a fost \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de un entuziasm de nedescris . Chiar \u00een noaptea decret\u0103rii mobiliz\u0103rii , conform planului de opera\u0163iuni , dinainte stabilit , trupele rom\u00e2ne de acoperire au trecut Mun\u0163ii Carpa\u0163i , \u00eenaint\u00eend pe toat\u0103 \u00eentinderea zonei muntoase de la Dorna \u015fi p\u00een\u0103 la Or\u015fova .<\/span><\/div>\n
  \u00cen scurt timp de la intrarea Rom\u00e2niei \u00een r\u0103zboi , armatele rom\u00e2ne au izgonit armatele austro-ungare din Bra\u015fov , F\u0103g\u0103ra\u015f , Sf\u00eentu Gheorghe \u015fi din alte localit\u0103\u0163i ajung\u00eend p\u00een\u0103 \u00een apropierea Sibiului \u015fi Sighi\u015foarei .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Planul de opera\u0163iuni , aprobat de conduc\u0103torii statului rom\u00een , \u00ee\u015fi fixa ca obiectiv strategic al for\u0163elor armate rom\u00e2ne zdrobirea for\u0163elor de rezisten\u0163\u0103 austro-ungare \u00een Transilvania \u015fi \u00eenaintea rapid\u0103 \u00een C\u00eempia ungar\u0103 , ceea ce permitea o scurtare sim\u0163itoare a frontului <\/span><\/div>\n
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                                                        2.<\/span><\/div>\n
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rom\u00eenesc , ini\u0163ial pe to\u0163i Carpa\u0163ii , o jonc\u0163iune cu armatele ruse , cu repercusiuni dintre cele mai grave pentruarmatele Puterilor Centrale.<\/span><\/div>\n
 Declara\u0163ia de r\u0103zboi a Rom\u00e2niei nea\u015fteptat\u0103 de c\u0103tre Puterile Centrale , ca \u015fi \u00eenaintea fulger\u0103toare a armatelor sale \u00een Transilvania a constituit un ajutor de mare pre\u0163 francezilor , unde la Verdun armatele germane erau \u00eentr-o puternic\u0103 ofensiv\u0103 .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Neput\u00eend rezista singure \u00eempotriva trupelor rom\u00e2ne , unit\u0103\u0163ile austro-ungare pe frontul din Transilvania au fost \u00eent\u0103ritecu puternice divizii garmane , aproape 40 , scoase de pe frontul de vest .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Dar ofensiva victorioas\u0103 a armatelor rom\u00e2ne a fost oprit\u0103 . Aceasta din cauza alia\u0163ilor Rom\u00e2niei \u2013 Marile Puteri , Rusia , Fran\u0163a , Anglia \u015fi Italia , care nu \u015fi-au respectat obliga\u0163iile asumate cu ocazia \u00eencheierii , \u00een august 1916 , a conven\u0163iei militare cu guvernul rom\u00e2n . \u00cen primul r\u00eend , \u00een profida obliga\u0163iilor semnate \u015fi de \u015feful Statului Major al armatelor imperiale ruse , Alexeev , ofensiva pe frontul rusesc a armatelor \u0163ariste conduse de generalul Brussilov nu a continuat cu vigoare , ceea ce a avut urm\u0103ri dintre cele mai negative . Multe din unit\u0103\u0163ile militare ale Puterilor Centrale r\u0103m\u00een\u00eend disponibile , de pe acest front , au fost aduse pe frontul rom\u00e2n . <\/span><\/div>\n
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  Starea popula\u0163iei din teritoriul ocupat de c\u0103tre Puterile Centrale era deosebit de grea . Comandamentul german a organizat jefuirea sistemativ\u0103 a bog\u0103\u0163iilor \u0163\u0103rii \u015fi a popula\u0163iei .<\/span><\/div>\n
 Autorit\u0103\u0163ile de ocupa\u0163ie au achizi\u0163ionat \u00eentreaga produc\u0163ie de cereale, toate produsele alimentare \u015fi petrolifere . Numai pe c\u0103ile ferate au fost scoase din \u0163ar\u0103 1 768 552 de tone produse petrolifere , 1 400 000 de capete de bovine , 4 600 000 de ovine etc. . La toate acestea se adaug\u0103 produse textile , piei \u015f.a.<\/span><\/div>\n
  \u00cen \u00eentreprinderile industriale, are fuseser\u0103 militarizate , s-a introdus un adev\u0103rat regim de munc\u0103 for\u0163at\u0103 , iar \u0163\u0103ranii erau jefui\u0163i de cereale , vite , erau sili\u0163i s\u0103 lucreze pe mo\u015fii \u00een favoarea ocupan\u0163ilor ; \u00een timp ce popula\u0163ia primea , pe baz\u0103 de cartel\u0103 , ra\u0163ii de hran\u0103 cu totul ne\u00eendestul\u0103toare , produsele jefuite erau transportate \u00een Germania .  <\/span><\/div>\n
  \u00cempotriva popula\u0163iei au fost folosite metode teroriste : multe sate \u015fi ora\u015fe au fost incendiate  \u015fi devastate , locuitorii au fost aresta\u0163i  \u015fi , <\/span><\/div>\n
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                                                       3.<\/span><\/div>\n
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dup\u0103 un simulacru de judecat\u0103 , au fost deporta\u0163i \u00een Germania, unii fiind executa\u0163i .                                  <\/span><\/div>\n
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  \u00cen vara anului 1917 , \u00een cadrul planului general de ofensiv\u0103 a Antantei , armatele rom\u00e2ne , ref\u0103cute \u015fi \u00eenzestrate cu aportul tehnic \u015fi militar al Fran\u0163ei \u015fi Angliei , au pornit de pe frontul din Moldova , \u00eempreun\u0103 cu armatele ruse , o contraofensiv\u0103 puternic\u0103 , menit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eempiedice \u00eencercarea comandamentului armatei germane de a sparge frontul rom\u00e2no-rus , de a ocupa \u00eentreaga Moldov\u0103 \u015fi de a-\u015fi croi drum spre Ucraina .<\/span><\/div>\n
   Luptele din vara anului 1917 s-au \u00eencheiat cu \u00eenfr\u00eengerea trupelor Puterilor Centrale pe frontul din Moldova . Principalul factor \u00een ob\u0163inerea acestei victorii i-a constituit vitejia solda\u0163ilor rom\u00e2ni , care au luptat cu eroism , anima\u0163i de dorin\u0163a de a \u00eempiedica ocuparea \u00eentregului teritoriu al \u0163\u0103rii , de a-\u015fi elibera c\u0103minele cotropite .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Rom\u00e2niei i-a fost impus de c\u0103tre Puterile Centrale le 28 noiembrie \/ 9 decembrie 1917 un armisti\u0163iu provizoriu . G\u0103sindu-se cu armatele sale singur\u0103 \u00een <\/span>\u201ctriunghiul mor\u0163ii\u201d , \u00eentruc\u00eet de jur \u00eemprejurul \u0163\u0103rii care mai r\u0103m\u0103sese liber\u0103 , \u00een Moldova , se aflau unit\u0103\u0163i ale Puterilor Centrale , for\u0163e armate deosebit de puternice \u015fi fiind p\u0103r\u0103sit\u0103 de alia\u0163ii s\u0103i din Antant\u0103 , cu care \u00eencheiase tratate , Rom\u00e2nia a fost pus\u0103 \u00een \u00eemposibilitate s\u0103 fac\u0103 altceva dec\u00eet s\u0103 trateze for\u0163at cu inamicul \u015fi s\u0103 semneze le 20 februarie \/ 8 martie 1918 la Buftea un tratat preliminar de pace , care a stat la baza tratatului \u00eenrobitor de la Buftea \u2013 Bucure\u015fti din 24 aprilie \/ 7 mai 1918 , tratat imperialist , prin care nu numai c\u0103 i se r\u0103pea \u00eemportante teritorii \u015fi i se nega independen\u0163a , dar Germania , mai ales , tindea s\u0103 fac\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia o colonie a sa . Se \u00eencerca s\u0103 se anuleze toate drepturile poporului rom\u00e2n incluse \u00een tratatele interna\u0163ionale de la 1393 \u015fi p\u00een\u0103 la Congresul de la Berlin din 1878 .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Lucr\u0103rile Congresului au fost conduse de patriotul rom\u00e2n Iancu Flondor , fost deputat rom\u00e2n \u00een parlamentul de la Viena . El a propus mo\u0163iunea prin care se hot\u0103ra : \u201c<\/span>Unirea necondi\u0163ionat\u0103 \u015fi pentru vecie a Bucovinei \u00een vechile ei hotare \u2026 cu regatul Rom\u00e2niei<\/span>\u201d . Aceast\u0103 mo\u0163iune a fost sprijinit\u0103 de reprezentan\u0163ii Consiliilor minorit\u0103\u0163ilor na\u0163ionale din aceast\u0103 provincie . <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                     4.<\/span><\/div>\n
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  <\/span>\u00cen ultimele luni ale anului 1918 cei peste 3 milioane de rom\u00e2ni din p\u0103r\u0163ile Ardealului , Banatului , Cri\u015fanei \u015fi Maramure\u015fului , sub conducerea Consiliului Na\u0163ional Central Rom\u00e2n de la Arad , hot\u0103r\u0103sc a \u0163ine o mare adunare na\u0163ional\u0103 cu caracter plebiscitar , constituat , la Alba Iulia , pe ziua de 1 decembrie 1918 .<\/span><\/div>\n
  Adunarea de la Alba Iulia , ca semn al marelui act de reunire a \u0163\u0103rilor rom\u00e2ne , sub Mihai Viteazul , este bine preg\u0103tit\u0103 . \u00cen toate localit\u0103\u0163ile Transilvaniei , rom\u00e2nii se \u00eentrunesc \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi aleg \u00eemputernici\u0163ii delega\u0163i pe care \u00eei \u00eenvestesc cu acte semnate de ob\u015ftea satelor , pentru a se face clar \u015fi hot\u0103r\u00eet cunoscut\u0103 tuturor dorin\u0163a lor nestr\u0103mutat\u0103 de a se uni cu \u0163ara mum\u0103 .<\/span><\/div>\n
  \u00cen acest fel le Alba Iulia , \u00een ziua de 1 decembrie 1918 , la marea adunare na\u0163ional\u0103 constituant\u0103 sosesc 1 228 de delega\u0163i cu drept de vot deliberativ pe l\u00eeng\u0103 o mas\u0103 de peste 100 000 de rom\u00e2ni veni\u0163i din toate  col\u0163urile Transilvaniei pentru a \u00eent\u0103ri actul de unire . De remarcat c\u0103 din cei 1 228 de delega\u0163i , 150 erau reprezentan\u0163i de drept ai muncitorimii rom\u00e2ne , iar din cei peste 100 000de participan\u0163i , peste 10 000 o formau muncitorii , care au venit cu pancarde \u015fi steaguri ro\u015fii de panglici tricolore , dovad\u0103 a \u00eenaltului patriotism de care a fost animat\u0103 dintotdeauna clasa noastr\u0103 muncitoare . <\/span><\/div>\n
    \u00cen cadrul Marii Adun\u0103ri Constituante de la 1 decembrie 1918 s-a adoptat istorica <\/span>\u201cDeclara\u0163ia de la Alba Iulia\u201d .<\/span><\/div>\n
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   Astfel , prin lupta hot\u0103r\u00eetoare a \u00eentregului nostru popor de pe ambele versante ale Carpa\u0163ilor s-a \u00eenf\u0103ptuit dorin\u0163a cea mai arz\u0103toare milenar\u0103 , pe care patrio\u0163i \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103ra\u0163i \u015fi revolu\u0163ionari sociali\u015fti , grupa\u0163i \u00een jurul revistei \u201cDacia Viitoare\u201d din anul 1883 au \u0163inut-o mereu treaz\u0103 , aceea a refacerii Vechii Dacii a\u015fa cum ea fu , c\u0103ci istoria \u015fi dreptul , \u0163\u0103r\u00eena de dou\u0103zeci de ori secular\u0103 \u00een care s\u00eent \u00eengropa\u0163i str\u0103mo\u015fii dau dreptul rom\u00e2nilor de a aspira la o Dacie Rom\u00e2n\u0103 .<\/span><\/div>\n
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<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c Arhiducele Franz Ferdinand , prin\u0163ul mo\u015ftenitor al Austro \u2013 Ungariei \u015fi so\u0163ia sa , Sofia de Hohenberg , sosi\u0163i \u00een Bosnia cu ocazia manevrelor de var\u0103 ale armatei austro-ungare , pe timpul desf\u0103\u015fur\u0103rii ceremoniei de primire ce a avut loc la prim\u0103ria ora\u015fului Sarajevo , au fost asasina\u0163i de c\u0103tre Gavrilo Princip , na\u0163ionalist […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nPrimul r\u0103zboi mondial \u00een Rom\u00e2nia - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/04\/05\/primul-razboi-mondial-in-romania-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Primul r\u0103zboi mondial \u00een Rom\u00e2nia - 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