{"id":25591,"date":"2011-04-06T06:53:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-06T06:53:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:37:50","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:37:50","slug":"tragedia-greaca-eschil-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/04\/06\/tragedia-greaca-eschil-2\/","title":{"rendered":"TRAGEDIA GREACA.  Eschil"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Se stie ca teatrul grec s-a nascut din imnurile &#8211; cantate in cor \u2013 in cinstea lui Dionisos, venerat de tarani ca divinitate ocotitoare a viilor, livezilor si ogoarelor roditoare. La sarbatorile lui Dionisos, dupa ritualurile ceremoniale menite sa obtina din partea zeului recolte bogate, urmau petreceri cu cantece si dansuri. Cantaretii, purtand masti de tap (care in limba greaca se numeste \u201ctragos\u201d, de unde cuvantul \u201ctragedie\u201d \u2013 \u201ccantecul tapilor\u201d, infatisau fapturile legendare de sileni si satiri, prietenii lui Dionisos. Condus de un \u201ccorifeu\u201d, corul intina imnuri de lauda, intrerupte de naratiunea unor episoade din viata zeului. Apoi corul s-a impartit in doua semicoruri cantand alternativ, in frunte cu doi corifei care-si dadeau raspunsuri unul altuia. In momentul cand unul din coristi a raspuns corului si corifeilor prin cuvinte atribuite zeului, ca si cand el insusi ar fi fost Dionisos, in acel moment a aparut de fapt primul actor. Faptul (legat de numele poetului semilegendar Thespis) s-a petrecut cand Pisistrat, tiranul Atenei, a organizat aici cele dintai spectacole teatrale, in anul 534 i.Hr. De acum inainte drumul teatrului era dechis. In curand, legenda lui Dionisos va fi inlocuita cu subiecte luate din trecutul istoric sau legendar al \u201coamenilor\u201d, vor aparea mastile reprezentand tipuri umane, coristii si actorul vor urca pe o estrada spre a fi vazuti de public si, in fine, Eschil va introduce al doilea actor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Corul \u2013 acest sambure originar din care s-a nascut tragedia \u2013 reprezenta \u201cvocea poetului\u201d sau glasul constiintei cetatenesti a publicului. Prin cuvintele sale (uneori recitate, alteori cantate), corul dadea explicatii asupra antecedentelor sau asupra faptelor ce urmau sa se desfasoare pe scena. Corul era un fel de \u201cactor colectiv\u201d care, prin interventiile si dansurile sale mimice de mare expresivitate, sporea estetica, grandoarea si drmatismul spectacolului.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoBodyTextIndent\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt;\">Sensul social inalt al tragediei grecesti apare pentru prima data, in toata forta sa, la Eschil (526 \u2013456 i.Hr.).<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Luptator la Maraton si&nbsp; Salamina, unde grecii au invins colosul persan, Eschil a fost martorul ocular al celor mai grele dar si mai glorioase momente ale tarii sale. In cei 71 de ani ai vietii, Eschil a scris peste 90 de tragedii si drame cu satiri si a cunoscut 13 triumfuri la concursurile teatrale. Ni s-au pastrat numai 7 tragedii eschiliene, in fruntea carora stau \u201cPrometeu inlantuit\u201d si trilogia \u201cOrestia\u201d, singura trilogie completa pe care ne-a lasat-o antichitatea.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In \u201cPoetica\u201d sa Aristotel subliniaza marile merite ale lui Eschil, de a fi introdus al doilea actor si de a fi micsorat in importanta corul. Astfel, Eschil a redus lirismul tragediei, a pus accentul pe dialogul actorilor si deci a dat tragediei un puternic caracter dramatic. Aceste rezultate le-a obtinut poetul progresiv, in \u201cRugatoarele\u201d, in \u201cPersii\u201d si in \u201cCei sapte in fata Tebei\u201d.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Idea responsabilitatii umane este prezenta in trilogia \u201cOrestia\u201d, tragica poveste a asasinarii lui Agamemnon de catre sotia sa Clitemnestra si a pedepsirii crimei de catre fiul lor Oreste, ajutat de sora sa Electra. In perioada cand vechile familii aristocate erau in declin sau se prabuseau, erau foarte raspandite legende despre pieirea unor intregi familii, ca cele ale Pelopizilor sau Labdacizilor. In \u201cOrestia\u201d, Eschil tine sa arate insa ca asemenea nenorociri sunt pricinuite nu de vointa zeilor, ci de necinstirea si de crimele oamenilor. Eschil darama vechiul si sumbrul cult al domniei Destinului implacabil, subliniind valoarea liberei personalitati umane si a justitiei.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tragediile sale dadeau ultima lovitura institutiilor si conceptiilor vechi, creand in literatura un nou tip uman: tipul omului care cuteaza sa lupte impotriva anumitor credinte si idei religioase, tinzand cu hotarare sa-si insuseasca o constiinta si o vointa libera, pentru ca se recunoaste responsabil de actele sale.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Aceste idei, carora \u201cparintele tragediei\u201d le-a dat o forma si forta artistica impresionante, erau idei pe care le framanta noua societate a Atenei, si pe care le vor duce mai departe in operele lor ceilalti doi mari tragici greci \u2013 Sfocle si Euripide.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Se stie ca teatrul grec s-a nascut din imnurile &#8211; cantate in cor \u2013 in cinstea lui Dionisos, venerat de tarani ca divinitate ocotitoare a viilor, livezilor si ogoarelor roditoare. La sarbatorile lui Dionisos, dupa ritualurile ceremoniale menite sa obtina din partea zeului recolte bogate, urmau petreceri cu cantece si dansuri. Cantaretii, purtand masti de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>TRAGEDIA GREACA. 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