{"id":24513,"date":"2011-07-05T06:50:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T06:50:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:33:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:33:01","slug":"indici-statistici-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/07\/05\/indici-statistici-2\/","title":{"rendered":"INDICI STATISTICI"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Notiunea de indice. Rolul indicilor in cercetarea statistica<\/p>\n

Indicii reprezinta o categorie distincta a indicatorilor statistici.
\n Indicele statistic indeplineste functii cognitive: reflecta nivelul sarcinilor de plan fata de realizarile dintr-o perioada anterioara, caracterizeaza gradul de indeplinire a planului, masoara variatia fenomenelor in timp si spatiu, permite descompunerea variatiei fenomenelor complexe pe factori de influenta.
\n Indicele sintetizeaza intr-o expresie numerica nivelul relativ al caracteristicii unui ansamblu de elemente, care formeaza fenomenul sau activitatea cercetata.
\n Clasificarea indicilor: <\/p>\n

Dupa destinatia lor (cronologici, teritoriali, ai planului), dupa sfera de cuprindere (indici individuali sau elementari, indici de grup sau sintetici)
\n Intr-o conceptie mai larga toti indicii sunt marimi relative cu caracter de medie.
\n Indici de grup ai unei variabile statistice caracterizeaza variatia medie a fenomenului studiat la nivelul unei grupe sau pe total colectivitate.
\n Dupa modul de calcul, indici de grup sunt: indici agregati, indici calculati sub forma de medie si indici calculati ca raport de medii.
\n Indicii agregati sun obtinuti prin compararea unor sume ale elementelor de agregare.
\n Fenomenele economico-sociale sunt alcatuite din elemente eterogene.
\n Indicele de grup poate fi determinat si sub forma de indice mediu de grup, fie ca medie aritmetica ponderata, fie ca medie armonica ponderata a indicilor individuali.
\n Variatia factorului calitativ\/intensiv se studiaza aplicind indicii de grup calculati ca raport de medii.
\n Dupa baza de raportare: indici cu baza fixa si indici cu baza mobila sau cu baza in lant.
\n Dupa natura ponderilor folosite: indici cu pondere fixa si indici cu pondere variabila
\n Dupa natura fenomenului studiat: indicii valorii volumului fizic, ai preturilor, ai productivitatii muncii, ai salariului, ai stocurilor de marfa, ai cheltuielilor de circulatie.<\/p>\n

Probleme teoretice ale construirii indicilor de grup<\/p>\n

Regului de verificare: testul de reversibilitate in timp, testul de reversibilitate a factorilor, testul de tranzitivitate, testul de circularitate.
\n Baza de raportare trebuie astfel stabilita incit indicele sa reflecte variatia reala a fenomenului\/activitatii.
\n Formula de calcul se alege in functie de datele disponibile si de natura elementelor din colectivitatea care alcatuieste fenomenul.<\/p>\n

Sisteme de pondere folosite la construirea indicilor de grup. Relatia lui Bortkiewicz<\/p>\n

Sistemul de pondere folosit la construirea indicilor de grup a ridicat cele mai multe probleme in teoria si practica statistica.
\n Ponderea variabila propusa de H.Pasche pentru calculul unui indice de grup al preturilor are in vedere nivelurile curente ale comasuratorilor.
\n In statistica majoritatii tarilor lumii se utilizeaza sistemul de pondere incrucisata in conditiile substituirii in lant a factorilor.
\n Variatia factorului extensiv se pondereaza intotdeauna cu nivele de baza ale comasurattorului, iar modificarea factorului intensiv se pondereaza cu nivele curente ale comasuratorului.<\/p>\n

Metode de descompunere pe factori de influenta a variatiei unui fenomen complex prin metoda indicilor<\/p>\n

Descompunerea pe factori de influenta poate fi realizata sub forma influentelor in marime relativa sau ca influente in marime absoluta ale factorilor asupra caracteristicii rezultative, de natura complexa.
\n Descompunerea geometrica presupune calculul indicilor de grup si obtinerea ritmurilor de variatie scazind din expresiile procentuale ale respectivelor rapoarte 100.
\n Descompunerea analitica presupune inlocuirea citului care duce la calculul indicelui de grup cu diferenta intre numaratorul si numitorul fiecarui raport.
\n Metoda substituirii in lant se bazeaza pe ipoteza succesiuni factorilor potrivit continutului, sensului si ordinii lor de influenta., metoda cresterilor finite a lui Lagrange.<\/p>\n

Sisteme concrete de indici folosite in domeniul comertuli, alimentatiei publice si al turismului<\/p>\n

Dintre cele mai uzuale sisteme de indici: indicii valorii, volumului fizic si preturilor produselor sau marfurilor; indicii productivitatii muncii; indicii salariului mediu; indicii stocului mediu de marfa; indicii vitezei de rotatie a marfurilor; indicii nivelului relativ al cheltuielilor de circulatie; indicii incasarilor medii din activitatea de turism.<\/p>\n

Indicii teritoriali<\/p>\n

Sunt marimi relative de coordonare, care se obtin sub forma de raport intre termenii unei serii statistice de spatiu. Se calculeaza ca indici individuali si ca indici de grup.
\n In analiza economica nu se utilizeaza concomitent ambele sensuri ale comparatiilor teritoriale.
\n In functie de natura variabilei analizate, indicii teritoriali de grup se diferentiaza prin prisma relatiei de calcul.<\/p>\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Notiunea de indice. Rolul indicilor in cercetarea statistica Indicii reprezinta o categorie distincta a indicatorilor statistici. Indicele statistic indeplineste functii cognitive: reflecta nivelul sarcinilor de plan fata de realizarile dintr-o perioada anterioara, caracterizeaza gradul de indeplinire a planului, masoara variatia fenomenelor in timp si spatiu, permite descompunerea variatiei fenomenelor complexe pe factori de influenta. Indicele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nINDICI STATISTICI - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/07\/05\/indici-statistici-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"INDICI STATISTICI - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Notiunea de indice. Rolul indicilor in cercetarea statistica Indicii reprezinta o categorie distincta a indicatorilor statistici. Indicele statistic indeplineste functii cognitive: reflecta nivelul sarcinilor de plan fata de realizarile dintr-o perioada anterioara, caracterizeaza gradul de indeplinire a planului, masoara variatia fenomenelor in timp si spatiu, permite descompunerea variatiei fenomenelor complexe pe factori de influenta. 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