{"id":24445,"date":"2011-07-05T07:21:00","date_gmt":"2011-07-05T07:21:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T09:32:46","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T09:32:46","slug":"conosamentul-maritim-marineocean-bill-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/07\/05\/conosamentul-maritim-marineocean-bill-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Conosamentul maritim ( Marine\/Ocean Bill of Landing \u2013 B\/L)"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Este un document, de regul\u0103 tipizat, redactat \u00een limba englez\u0103 \u015fi eliberat de comandantul vasului care asigur\u0103 transportul respectiv. Prin el se certific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 marfa a fost preluat\u0103 de la expeditor spre a fi predat\u0103 \u00een anumite condi\u0163ii stabilite de p\u0103r\u0163i, destinatarului.
\nDintre documentele prezentate la plat\u0103 de exportator, conosamentul, din punctul de vedere al b\u0103ncii, are cea mai mare importan\u0163\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, constituie dovada c\u0103 \u00eentre c\u0103r\u0103u\u015f \u015fi expeditor a intervenit un contract de transport, document prin care c\u0103r\u0103u\u015ful:
\n– confirm\u0103 primirea m\u0103rfurilor;
\n– se oblig\u0103 s\u0103 le elibereze la destina\u0163ie, \u00een anumite condi\u0163ii de termene \u015fi timp.
\nConosamentul reprezint\u0103 o h\u00e2rtie de valoare, un titlu reprezentativ, consider\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 simpla posesie a conosamentului d\u0103 dreptul de posesie asupra m\u0103rfurilor. Datorit\u0103 acestei propriet\u0103\u0163i a conosamentului, pentru banca emitent\u0103 el reprezint\u0103 gajul opera\u0163iunii. Dac\u0103 ordonatorul refuz\u0103 s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103, banca care de\u0163ine conosamentul poate ridica m\u0103rfurile sau poate negocia valoarea lor \u00een vederea recuper\u0103rii sumei pl\u0103tite exportatorului.
\nDin punct de vedere al dreptului de transmitere al dreptului de proprietate, conosamentele pot fi:
\n\u2022 nominative: se precizeaz\u0103 numele persoanei pentru care a fost emis;
\n\u2022 la purt\u0103tor: nu este men\u0163ionat numele proprietarului;
\n\u2022 la ordin: se specific\u0103 pe conosament \u201ea se livra la ordinul\u2026 la data\u2026\u201d,acest tip de conosament put\u00e2nd fi \u00eenstr\u0103inat prin gir sau andosare.
\nUn conosament con\u0163ine, de regul\u0103, urm\u0103toarele preciz\u0103ri:
\n– numele companiei de transport;
\n– Numele exportatorului (expeditorului);
\n– Numele \u015fi adresa importatorului(destinatarului) sau la ordinul acestuia, a unei b\u0103nci numite sau \u00een alb;
\n– Numele \u015fi adresa celui ce urmeaz\u0103 a fi notificat , importatorul sau un ter\u0163, de sosirea m\u0103rfii.Aceast\u0103 men\u0163iune nu este necesar\u0103 c\u00e2nd conosamentul este emis la ordin;
\n– Numele vasului pe care s-a \u00eembarcat marfa;
\n– Denumirea porturilor de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u015fi de destina\u0163ie;
\n– Locul unde se pl\u0103te\u015fte navlul-la locul expedi\u0163iei sau la destina\u0163ie;
\n– Num\u0103rul de originale \u00een care a fost emis conosamentul;
\n– Descrierea succint\u0103 a m\u0103rfii;
\n– Marcajul coletelor \u015fi numerotarea acestora pentru identificarea m\u0103rfii;
\n– Num\u0103rul coletelor expediate \u00een litere;
\n– Semn\u0103tura c\u0103pitanului sau a agentului s\u0103u;
\n– Data c\u00e2nd m\u0103rfurile au fost preluate spre a fi \u00eenc\u0103rcate pe vas. Este data emiterii conosamentului.
\n Preciz\u0103rile privind plata navlului sunt \u00een concordan\u0163\u0103 cu condi\u0163ia de livrare specificat\u0103 \u00een acreditvul documentar \u015fi poate fi :
\n– navlu pl\u0103tit (freight paid)- transportul este pl\u0103tit \u00eenainte ca expedi\u0163ia s\u0103 fi fost efectuat\u0103 \u015fi cade \u00een sarcina exportatorului;
\n– navlu pl\u0103tibil la destina\u0163ie ( freight pazable at destination) \u2013 semnific\u0103 plata acestuia de c\u0103tre importator.
\nAl\u0103turi de aceste modalit\u0103\u0163i de plat\u0103 a navlului se mai \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u015fi alte categorii de pl\u0103\u0163i, care \u00een general, le completeaz\u0103 pe acestea:
\n– la valoarea m\u0103rfii(ad valorem)- practicat \u00een cazul transportului m\u0103rfurilor scumpe;
\n– navlu global(lump sum freight) \u2013 navlul este calculat pentru \u00eentreaga nav\u0103 indiferent de cantitatea de marf\u0103 trasportat\u0103;
\n– navlu de \u00eentoarcere(back freight) \u2013 se pl\u0103te\u015fte pentru m\u0103rfurile neacceptate \u00een portul de destina\u0163ie \u015fi returnate \u00een portul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare;
\n– navlu mort(dead freight)- se pl\u0103te\u015fte pentru spa\u0163iul \u00eenchiriat sau rezervat la bordul navei dar neutilizat.
\n– Prima de navlu(primage) \u2013 se calculeaz\u0103 ca procent asupra navlului net(max. 10%) \u015fi se pl\u0103te\u015fte armatorului ca stimulent pentru efectuarea transportului \u00een cele mai bune condi\u0163ii.
\n\u00cen afar\u0103 de acestea, \u00een textul conosamentului pot ap\u0103rea anumite men\u0163iuni \u00een concordan\u0163\u0103 cu Publica\u0163ia 500:
\n1. set complet (full set) \u2013 aceast\u0103 precizare este urmat\u0103 de o frac\u0163ie care semnific\u0103 num\u0103rul de originale \u015fi de copii (3\/5, 5\/7);
\n2. conosament curat (clean bill of leading) \u2013 cerin\u0163a ca pe conosament s\u0103 nu existe nici o men\u0163iune referitoare la starea defectuoas\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor \u015fi a ambalajelor precum \u015fi lipsa unor \u015fters\u0103turi, ad\u0103ugir, rectific\u0103ri nesemnate \u015fi nestampilate a doua oar\u0103;
\n3. on board \u2013 este \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00een deschiderea acreditivului, reflect\u0103 dorin\u0163a ordonatorului ca emiterea conosamentului s\u0103 se fi f\u0103cut dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea m\u0103rfii pe nav\u0103;
\n4. notifica\u0163i pe : este urmat\u0103 de precizarea numelui \u015fi a adresei persoanei pe care c\u0103r\u0103u\u015ful la destina\u0163ie o va anun\u0163a c\u0103 a sosit marfa;
\n5. With or without transcending – mentiune legata de acceptul transbordarii marfii. De obicei nu se opteaza pentru transbordarea marfii, dar daca apare aceasta transbordare, exista posibilitatea manifestarii refuzului la plata conosamentului.<\/p>\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este un document, de regul\u0103 tipizat, redactat \u00een limba englez\u0103 \u015fi eliberat de comandantul vasului care asigur\u0103 transportul respectiv. Prin el se certific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 marfa a fost preluat\u0103 de la expeditor spre a fi predat\u0103 \u00een anumite condi\u0163ii stabilite de p\u0103r\u0163i, destinatarului. Dintre documentele prezentate la plat\u0103 de exportator, conosamentul, din punctul de vedere […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nConosamentul maritim ( Marine\/Ocean Bill of Landing \u2013 B\/L) - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2011\/07\/05\/conosamentul-maritim-marineocean-bill-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conosamentul maritim ( Marine\/Ocean Bill of Landing \u2013 B\/L) - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este un document, de regul\u0103 tipizat, redactat \u00een limba englez\u0103 \u015fi eliberat de comandantul vasului care asigur\u0103 transportul respectiv. Prin el se certific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 marfa a fost preluat\u0103 de la expeditor spre a fi predat\u0103 \u00een anumite condi\u0163ii stabilite de p\u0103r\u0163i, destinatarului. 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