{"id":14553,"date":"2018-02-12T20:37:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T20:37:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T02:43:03","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T02:43:03","slug":"continutul-si-formele-discriminarii_12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/12\/continutul-si-formele-discriminarii_12\/","title":{"rendered":"Con\u0163inutul \u015fi formele discrimin\u0103rii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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publicat pe blog – Tuesday, December 02, 2014<\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n
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Defini\u0163ia discrimin\u0103rii reprezint\u0103 orice deosebire, excludere restric\u0163ie sau preferin\u0163\u0103, pe baza de ras\u0103, na\u0163ionalitate, etnie  care are ca scop sau efect restr\u00e2ngerea, \u00eenl\u0103turarea recunoa\u015fterii, folosin\u0163ei sau exercit\u0103rii, \u00een domeniul politic, economic, social \u015fi cultural sau \u00een orice domenii ale vie\u0163ii publice. Uneori, discriminarea este confundat\u0103 cu prejudecata, care se refer\u0103 mai mult la starea psihologic\u0103 dec\u00e2t la comportament. Aceste dou\u0103 no\u0163iuni sunt str\u00e2ns legate, \u00eens\u0103 este posibil de a discrimina oamenii f\u0103r\u0103 o prejudecat\u0103 con\u015ftient\u0103.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Elementele  cheie ale discrimin\u0103rii sunt:<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
1) tratamentul diferit fa\u0163\u0103 de persoane aflate \u00een situa\u0163ie similar, nu \u00eentotdeauna \u201etratamentul diferen\u0163iat\u201d constituie o discriminare.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
2) \u201e\u00een privin\u0163a drepturilor sau intereselor fundamentale, sau garantate juridic \u00een Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului  articolul 7 prevede: \u201eTo\u0163i oamenii sunt egali \u00een fa\u0163a legii \u015fi au, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio deosebire, dreptul la o egal\u0103 protec\u0163ie a legii. To\u0163i oamenii au dreptul la o protec\u0163ie egal\u0103 \u00eempotriva oric\u0103rei discrimin\u0103ri care ar viola prezenta Declara\u0163ie \u015fi \u00eempotriva oric\u0103rei provoc\u0103ri la o asemenea discriminare\u201d. Carta Na\u0163iunilor Unite [2], \u00een articolele 1, 55 \u015fi 75, stipuleaz\u0103 de trei ori obligativitatea respect\u0103rii drepturilor \u015fi a libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamentale ale omului f\u0103r\u0103 nicio distinc\u0163ie de ras\u0103, sex,limb\u0103 sau religie. Principiul nondiscrimin\u0103rii nu are aceea\u015fi amploare \u015fi acela\u015fi impact \u00een reglementarea CEDO ca \u00een instrumenetele ONU de protec\u0163ie a drepturilor omului, de la carta ONU la art. 26 al Pactului interna\u0163ional privind drepturile civile \u015fi politice,statueaz\u0103: \u201eTo\u0163i oamenii sunt egali \u00een fa\u0163a legii \u015fi au, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio discriminare, dreptul la o egal\u0103 protec\u0163ie a legii. \u00cen acest sens, legea va interzice orice discriminare \u015fi va garanta tuturor oamenilor protec\u0163ie egal\u0103 \u015fi efectiv\u0103 \u00eempotriva discrimin\u0103rii de orice fel, ca, de pild\u0103, de ras\u0103, culoare, sex, limb\u0103, religie, opinie public\u0103 sau orice alt\u0103 opinie, de origine na\u0163ional\u0103 sau social\u0103, avere, na\u015ftere sau orice alte \u00eemprejur\u0103ri\u2026\u201d. Principiul non-discrimin\u0103rii \u015fi al interzicerii arbitrariului a p\u0103r\u0103sit perimetrul strict al raporturilor cu autorit\u0103\u0163ile publice \u015fi a \u00eenceput s\u0103 intre \u00een via\u0163a de zi cu zi, \u00een raporturi juridice caracterizate prin egalitatea juridic\u0103 a p\u0103r\u0163ilor, \u00een cele mai frecvente dintre contractele pe care le \u00eencheiem (contracte de v\u00e2nzare-cump\u0103rare, contracte de loca\u0163iune, contracte de credit bancar etc.) \u015fi chiar \u00een raporturile sociale extracontractuale (formule de adresare, comportament, atitudine).  Dreptul de a nu fi supus  nici unei discrimin\u0103ri este derivat din principiul general al egalit\u0103\u0163ii tuturor<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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fiin\u0163elor umane. Articolul 14 al CEDO prevede c\u0103 drepturile pe care le garanteaz\u0103 Conve\u0163ia trebuie s\u0103 fie respectate f\u0103r\u0103 nici o distinc\u0163ie bazat\u0103 special pe sex, ras\u0103 culoare, limb\u0103, religie, opnii politice sau sorice alte opinii, origine social\u0103 sau na\u0163ional\u0103 apartenen\u0163a la o minoritate, avere, na\u015ftere sau alt\u0103 situa\u0163ie. <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3) \u201edin cauza apartenen\u0163ei persoanelor la anumite grupuri sau categorii, sau posed\u0103rii unei caracteristici anume \u00een literature de specialitate este cunoscut ca discriminarea direct\u0103 care reprezint\u0103  actele \u015fi faptele de excludere, deosebire, resctric\u0163ie sau preferin\u0163e, \u00eentemeiate pe criterii de sex, orientare sexual\u0103, caracteritici genetice, v\u00e2rst\u0103, apartenen\u0163\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103, ras\u0103, culoare, etnie, religie, op\u0163iune politic\u0103, origine social\u0103, handicap, situa\u0163ie sau responsabilitate familial\u0103, apartenen\u0163\u0103 ori activitate social\u0103, care au ca scop sau ca efect neacordarea, restr\u00e2ngerea ori \u00een\u0163\u0103turarea recuno\u015fterea folosin\u0163ei sau exercitarii drepturilor prev\u0103zute \u00een legisla\u0163ie muncii este interzis. Exemplu: Un barbat si o femeie detin: pregatire egala; acelasi tip de post; acceasi munca prestata, insa, remuneratia este diferentiata. Mai multe dispozi\u0163ii faciliteaz\u0103 ac\u0163iunea \u00een justi\u0163ie a victimelor discrimin\u0103rilor; astfel, conform  dreptului comunitar \u00een materie de discriminare bazat\u0103 pe sex, din momentul \u00een care salariul prezint\u0103 faptele care prezum\u0103 o discriminare, angajatorului \u00eei \u00eencub\u0103 obliga\u0163ia de a proba c\u0103 nu a fost o violare a principiului egalit\u0103\u0163ii. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 discriminarea direct\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2lnim  discriminare indirect\u0103 \u015fi discriminare pozitiv\u0103. Discriminare indirect\u0103 sunt actele \u015fi faptele \u00eentemeiate \u00een mod aparent pe alte criterii dec\u00e2t cele bazate pe sex, orientare sexual\u0103, caracteristici genetice, v\u00e2rst\u0103, apartenen\u0163\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103, culoare, etnie, religie, op\u0163iunea politic\u0103, orgine social\u0103, handicap, situa\u0163ie ori activitate sindical\u0103, dar care produc efectele unei discrimin\u0103ri directe. Exemplu: Angajatorul insista asupra faptului ca, numai persoanele cu o vechime de 20 de ani pot promova in cariera. Femeile care au fost in concediu maternal nu pot fi subiectul unei astfel de oportunitati. Sarcina probei este facsilitat\u0103, \u00een caz  de discriminare indirect\u0103 fondat\u0103 pe sex, \u00een dreptul comunitar astfel c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o dispozi\u0163ie, un criteriu sau o practic\u0103 aparent neutr\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 o propor\u0163ie net mai ridicat\u0103 de persoane de un anumit sex; \u00een acest caz \u00eencub\u0103 angajatorului obliga\u0163ia de a proba c\u0103 dispozi\u0163ia, criteriul sau practica sunt proprii \u015fi necesare \u015fi pot fi justificate prin factori obiective independent de sexual persoanelor respective.  Discriminarea pozitiv\u0103 este o ruptur\u0103 a egalit\u0103\u0163ii  de o situa\u0163ie inegalitar\u0103 preexistent\u0103 \u015fi destinat\u0103 s\u0103 restabileasc\u0103 egalitatea men\u0163ionat\u0103. Neste recunoscur o obliga\u0163ie a statelor de a recurge la stfel de m\u0103suri de discrimin\u0103ri pozitive pentru a repara anumite injusti\u0163ii sociale. Discriminare pozitiva – Exemplu: O societate imobiliara\u0103 poate m\u0103ri propor\u0163ia de locuin\u0163e,  amenajate pentru persoanele cu handicap.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

publicat pe blog – Tuesday, December 02, 2014  Defini\u0163ia discrimin\u0103rii reprezint\u0103 orice deosebire, excludere restric\u0163ie sau preferin\u0163\u0103, pe baza de ras\u0103, na\u0163ionalitate, etnie  care are ca scop sau efect restr\u00e2ngerea, \u00eenl\u0103turarea recunoa\u015fterii, folosin\u0163ei sau exercit\u0103rii, \u00een domeniul politic, economic, social \u015fi cultural sau \u00een orice domenii ale vie\u0163ii publice. Uneori, discriminarea este confundat\u0103 cu prejudecata, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nCon\u0163inutul \u015fi formele discrimin\u0103rii - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/12\/continutul-si-formele-discriminarii_12\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Con\u0163inutul \u015fi formele discrimin\u0103rii - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"publicat pe blog – Tuesday, December 02, 2014  Defini\u0163ia discrimin\u0103rii reprezint\u0103 orice deosebire, excludere restric\u0163ie sau preferin\u0163\u0103, pe baza de ras\u0103, na\u0163ionalitate, etnie  care are ca scop sau efect restr\u00e2ngerea, \u00eenl\u0103turarea recunoa\u015fterii, folosin\u0163ei sau exercit\u0103rii, \u00een domeniul politic, economic, social \u015fi cultural sau \u00een orice domenii ale vie\u0163ii publice. 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