{"id":11245,"date":"2018-02-18T10:37:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T10:37:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-25T02:29:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T02:29:01","slug":"particularitatile-dezvoltarii-statului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/18\/particularitatile-dezvoltarii-statului\/","title":{"rendered":"Particularit\u0103\u0163ile dezvolt\u0103rii statului austriac \u00een prima jum. a sec. al XIX-lea."},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00cenceputul sec. al XIX-lea a g\u0103sit Austria angajat\u0103 \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva lui Napoleon. Toate tratatele de pace, \u00eencheiate cu acesta, i-au fost defavorabile. A pierdut, pe r\u00e2nd, controlul asupra statelor italiene, a \u0162\u0103rilor de Jos, Tirolului r\u0103s\u0103ritean, Carintiei, Crainei, Croa\u0163iei, la care se adaug\u0103 \u201edetronarea” \u00eemp\u0103ratului din calitatea de \u015fef al Imperiului Romano-German. Actul final al Congresului, semnat la 9 iunie 1815, cu nou\u0103 zile \u00eenaintea b\u0103t\u0103liei de la Waterloo (18 iunie 1815), oferea Austriei satisfac\u0163ii \u015fi insatisfac\u0163ii. Satisfac\u0163iile au fost din punct de vedere teritorial: Austria a redob\u00e2ndit Lombardia, Toscana, Modena, Parma \u015fi Piacenza, Vene\u0163ia, Gali\u0163ia, \u201eProvinciile ilirice” \u015fi o parte din landul Salzburg. Insatisfac\u0163iile au fost generate de faptul c\u0103 Austria nu mai revenea \u201ela demnitatea imperial\u0103 romano-german\u0103”, iar \u00een cadrul Confedera\u0163iei Germane, <\/a>din care f\u0103cea parte, \u00eencepea disputa cu Prusia pentru suprema\u0163ie \u015fi influen\u0163\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul statelor germane. O politic\u0103 special\u0103 a fost aplicat\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de biseric\u0103. Guvernul numea prela\u0163ii pe care \u00eei trata ca pe func\u0163ionarii de stat. Religia catolic\u0103 era obligatorie, non-catolicii erau exclu\u015fi din func\u0163iile publice. Acest regim dur, de oprimare, a purtat numele de \u201esistemul Mettemich”.
Din punct de vedere strict administrativ, Mettemich a privit imperiul ca pe \u201eun stat federativ, aflat sub conducerea unui suveran comun”. \u00een virtutea acestei credin\u0163e, \u00een anul 1818, a creat Consiliul Imperiului, \u00een care intrau \u015fi reprezentan\u0163i ai provinciilor, recruta\u0163i din r\u00e2ndul aristocra\u0163iei. Este evident c\u0103 acest Consiliu se opunea oric\u0103rei schimb\u0103ri. In prima jum\u0103tate a sec. al XIX-lea s-a dezvoltat \u015fi industria chimic\u0103 – mai ales cea de coloran\u0163i. In anul 1830 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 func\u0163ioneze prima fabric\u0103 de obiecte din cauciuc. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, s-a \u00eenregistrat un proces de perfec\u0163ionare a transportului. \u00een anii 1827-1832 a fost construit\u0103, \u00eentre Linz \u015fi Budweis, prima cale ferat\u0103, pentru vagoane trase de cai. Prima cale ferat\u0103 pentru locomotive cu abur a fost construit\u0103 \u00eentre 1836 \u015fi 1847. Politica extern\u0103 a Austriei, era orientat\u0103 spre dou\u0103 obiective: colaborarea, \u00een cadrul Sfintei Alian\u0163e, \u00eempotriva mi\u015fc\u0103rilor de eliberare \u015fi \u00eent\u0103rirea influen\u0163ei \u00een r\u00e2ndul statelor germane. Sub conducerea lui Mettemich, \u00een primul caz, Austria s-a manifestat ca un adept al Restaura\u0163iei \u015fi legitimismului. \u00cen acest sens, politica extern\u0103 a fost orientat\u0103 spre o colaborare, \u00een cadrul Sfintei Alian\u0163e, \u00eempotriva tuturor mi\u015fc\u0103rilor revolu\u0163ionare din Europa. \u00eenceputul a fost f\u0103cut la Congresul de la Aachen (1818), ocazionat de mi\u015fc\u0103rile studen\u0163e\u015fti din statele germane. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Prusia, Viena a intervenit \u00eempotriva acestora, restabilind, pentru un anumit timp, ordinea. Au urmat mi\u015fc\u0103rile din Neapole, care au determinat convocarea congreselor de la Troppau (1820) \u015fi Laybach (1821), \u00een urma c\u0103rora Austria a fost autorizat\u0103 s\u0103 intervin\u0103 cu for\u0163ele armate. Succesele militare au atras ura italienilor. O dat\u0103 cu aceasta s-a \u00eencheiat seria succeselor externe ale Austriei. La urm\u0103torul congres al Sfintei Alian\u0163e de la Verona (1822), consacrat mi\u015fc\u0103rilor din Spania \u015fi din coloniile acesteia, diploma\u0163ia austriac\u0103 a trebuit s\u0103 \u00eenfrunte diploma\u0163ia englez\u0103. A\u015fa se face c\u0103 Mettemich va sus\u0163ine Rusia. Nu acela\u015fi lucru se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een Balcani. Insurec\u0163ia greac\u0103 a fost calificat\u0103 de c\u0103tre Mettemich drept un atentat \u00eempotriva st\u0103p\u00e2nirii legitime a sultanului. Interven\u0163ia franco-anglo-rus\u0103, soldat\u0103 cu b\u0103t\u0103lia naval\u0103 de la Navarin (1827), a eliminat Austria de la masa tratativelor. Revolu\u0163ia francez\u0103 din anul 1830 \u015fi apoi revolu\u0163ia belgian\u0103 din acela\u015fi an au provocat o fisur\u0103 mai serioas\u0103 \u00een sistemul creat la Viena. Influen\u0163a acestora a fost imediat\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul statelor germane. In anul 1832 a avut loc adunarea liberal\u0103 de la Hambach, iar \u00een anul urm\u0103tor (1833) s-au derulat marile manifesta\u0163ii studen\u0163e\u015fti de la Frankfurt pe Main. Interven\u0163ia statelor care intrau \u00een Sf\u00e2nta Alian\u0163\u0103, \u00eempotriva revolu\u0163iei belgiene, interven\u0163ie proiectat\u0103 de c\u0103tre \u0163ar, a fost dezaprobat\u0103 de Austria. Viena a trebuit s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 evenimentelor din Modena, Parma \u015fi Statul Papal. De altfel, Rusia a fost \u015fi ea obligat\u0103 s\u0103 abandoneze proiectul interven\u0163iei din cauza r\u0103scoalei polonezilor. Anul 1830 a fost un an de cump\u0103n\u0103 pentru politica extern\u0103 a Austriei, a fost momentul c\u00e2nd Sf\u00e2nta Alian\u0163\u0103 nu mai avea nici o valoare. Conferin\u0163ele de la Londra, care au avut ca subiect Belgia, s-au desf\u0103\u015furat \u00eentr-un alt spirit, departe de ceea ce dorea Mettemich. S-ar putea crede c\u0103 tocmai de aceea, dup\u0103 1830, Metternich a urm\u0103rit o politic\u0103 de conciliere cu Prusia. Organizarea mai sever\u0103 a Confedera\u0163iei Germane, care convenea Prusiei, nu a fost pe placul lui Mettemich.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cenceputul sec. al XIX-lea a g\u0103sit Austria angajat\u0103 \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva lui Napoleon. Toate tratatele de pace, \u00eencheiate cu acesta, i-au fost defavorabile. A pierdut, pe r\u00e2nd, controlul asupra statelor italiene, a \u0162\u0103rilor de Jos, Tirolului r\u0103s\u0103ritean, Carintiei, Crainei, Croa\u0163iei, la care se adaug\u0103 \u201edetronarea” \u00eemp\u0103ratului din calitatea de \u015fef al Imperiului Romano-German. Actul final […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nParticularit\u0103\u0163ile dezvolt\u0103rii statului austriac \u00een prima jum. a sec. al XIX-lea. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyskynews.com\/index.php\/2018\/02\/18\/particularitatile-dezvoltarii-statului\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Particularit\u0103\u0163ile dezvolt\u0103rii statului austriac \u00een prima jum. a sec. al XIX-lea. - Jobs\/ Internships\/ Scholarships\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cenceputul sec. al XIX-lea a g\u0103sit Austria angajat\u0103 \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva lui Napoleon. 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Toate tratatele de pace, \u00eencheiate cu acesta, i-au fost defavorabile. A pierdut, pe r\u00e2nd, controlul asupra statelor italiene, a \u0162\u0103rilor de Jos, Tirolului r\u0103s\u0103ritean, Carintiei, Crainei, Croa\u0163iei, la care se adaug\u0103 \u201edetronarea” \u00eemp\u0103ratului din calitatea de \u015fef al Imperiului Romano-German. 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